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Think globally, invest glocally

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Investors with a penchant for international stocks would do well to read "Emerging Giants: Building World-Class Companies in Developing Countries" by Tarun Khanna and Krishna G. Palepu in Harvard Business Review, October 2006.

The authors studied 134 companies in 10 emerging markets to see which of these companies qualified as "emerging giants," and to see if there were common strategies in the movement from local to global player. The authors segment the market in developing countries into 4 components:

Global Tier is dominated by multinational, deep-pocketed Western companies. This segment forms the top of the market pyramid. Customers in this segment are willing to pay a premium for the same quality products that are available in developed markets. Emerging giants cannot hope to compete against the multinationals.

Glocal Tier is the market segment in which emerging giants have advantages over multinationals. This segment is full of niche marketing opportunities that are too small for the multinationals. There are significant distribution channel problems in regional markets that multinationals do not know how to navigate. Perhaps each regional market requires a degree of customization that is unacceptably small for economy of scale manufacturing in multinational business models. Emerging giants have in-depth knowledge of local product markets, and can easily access local talent and capital markets. Companies that figure out how to serve the rising Chinese and Indian middle class in the glocal tier become emerging giants, eventually able to take on multinationals in selected markets.

Local Tier contains the majority of companies in the developing world. Using local factors of production, these companies produce items of local quality at local prices. Unable or unwilling to take on risk to access larger talent and capital markets, these companies will continue to stay small, with a limited ROI scenario.

Bottom Tier component includes that huge market of those who can afford only the least expensive products. Companies in this segment will remain very small, localized, independent businesses with little if any ROI.

In their analysis of the Glocal Tier, the authors specifically concentrate on the emergence of CEMEX of Mexico, Tata Group of India, Jollibee Foods of the Philippines, and Wahaha Group of China. Lots of good investment potential in these emerging giants.

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Last updated: November 25, 2009: 02:19 PM

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