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"Heard on the Street" knocks USANA

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USANA Health and Sciences (NASDAQ:USNA) fell about 15% today after a very negative "Heard on the Street" column was published in today's Wall Street Journal. For those unfamiliar with USANA, the company sells nutritional and personal care products. The company could be considered a 'multi-level marketing' company because of how it sells products (using "independent distributors" and "associates") and classifies its marketing system as a "network marketing system. In my opinion, "multi-level marketing" companies strongly resemble pyramid schemes due to their 1-2-4-8-etc. hierarchy, meaning one person sits at the top and receives the most commissions while, as you move down the pyramid, the commissions decrease.

USNA is a classic momentum stock. The company has hit new sales records each of the last 18 quarters and, subsequently, the stock price has soared. However, the story certainly has its haters. One such hater is Barry Minkow, a convicted stock fraudster who gave his bearish rationale throughout today's "Heard on the Street" column in The Wall Street Journal ($). The first warning sign, like I mentioned earlier, is that the company is seemingly structured as a "multi-level marketing" company. For example, 86% of the company's sales are to the company's "associates" who work under another associate/recruiter, who works under another associate/recruiter, and so on.

According to Minkow, the company's operating model is not sustainable because "it requires the constant recruitment of new associates" in order to continue growing at rates to satisfy the street. Coincidentally, the company will most likely face a situation in which it can't find enough people to buy its products, the main product being a multivitamin priced at levels above the market. The company's multivitamin is priced at $40 per 28 day supply while GNC's comparable product is $17 per 28 day supply.

In addition, the company's ownership also seems fishy, according to Minkow. The company's chairman (who renounced his citizenship in the mid-90s) owns 45% of the shares under a company registered in the Isle of Man -- presumably a tax shelter. However, according to the article, the company's CFO argued the chairman's renouncement of citizenship was not a company-or-tax-related decision. Instead, he "sees himself as a citizen of the world."

According to the article, Minkow even sent a 500-page letter to the FBI and SEC about the company and questioning its operating legality, most likely focusing on the pyramid-scheme aspect.

In my opinion, even if this company is not a fraud, it certainly seems to be built on a house of cards with so many potential causes of a downfall. First, consumers could begin to choose the lower-cost premium brand (GNC) or a lower-brand multivitamin in order to save money. In addition, the company could no longer be able to recruit the tremendous amount of "associates" it has been able to over the last several years, forcing the company's sales growth to slow dramatically and cause dissatisfaction among the new "associates." The FBI or SEC might even end up finding some sort of evidence that the company is operating corruptly (such as under a pyramid scheme) after questioning.

I'm not saying the company is a fraud or that it is certainly operating under a pyramid scheme, but I would certainly be very cautious.

More USANA Health and Sciences news

Kevin Kelly:
"Heard on the Street" knocks USANA
Zac Bissonnette: Oh snap! Barry Minkow fires back at Usana Health Sciences
Zac Bissonnette: Forbes slams Usana Health Sciences (USNA)
Zac Bissonnette: NZ National Business Review slams USANA Health Sciences (USNA)
Zac Bissonnette: USANA has a product, so it's not a pyramid scheme?
Zac Bissonnette: Is Baghdad Bob working for USANA Health Sciences?

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Last updated: November 24, 2009: 04:14 PM

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