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Stealing $3 billion from Wal-Mart

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Thieves have stolen $3 billion worth of stuff from Wal-Mart Stores, Inc. (NYSE: WMT) in the last year, according to the AP. That's enough to make a pretty good size company but it represents less than 1% of its $348.6 billion worth of sales in the last year.

It turns out that Wal-Mart is not the only one suffering from the problem. Theft cost retailers $41.6 billion in 2006, according to a joint study released Tuesday by the National Retail Federation and the University of Florida. The study found that the theft rate as a percentage of sales rose to 1.61% of sales in 2006 from 1.60% in 2005. So at 0.9%, Wal-Mart is relatively tough to steal from.

Interestingly, it turns out that most retail "slippage" comes from employees. Specifically, employees stole about 47% of the dollars and customers swiped about 32%. Administrative errors accounted for 14%, supplier fraud accounts for 4%, and the remaining 3% is unaccounted for.

Employees steal from Wal-Mart too. For example, a man wearing dark clothing and a ski mask entered a Port Clinton, OH, Wal-Mart store in January at midnight unnoticed by employees and stole $45,000 from the store safe. The store's night manager, Dana Walker, was later arrested for the crime. He became a suspect because he knew the combination to the safe.

Wal-Mart has recently relaxed its zero-tolerance policy on shoplifting. Its new policy seeks prosecutions of first-time offenders only if they are between ages 18 to 65 and steal at least $25 worth of merchandise. But this change may have contributed to the problem.

So has Wal-Mart's cost cutting drive, which led to a reduction in the number of loss prevention staff in each store last year and redesigned their jobs to make them less active and more administrative. Dan Meyer, a former district loss prevention supervisor, averaged 13 apprehensions a month during most of his time at Wal-Mart. But in the months before he left last October, the number of apprehensions dropped to three to four a month. Meyer said his totals dropped because there were fewer security staff and less support from his managers for aggressively rooting out theft.

Then there are the employees who feel that being mistreated by Wal-Mart justifies them looking the other way when people steal from the company. Gina Tuley, a former Wal-Mart bakery worker, who quit her job at the Seagoville, TX, store in March said, "I am not the type to steal, but because we are so mistreated, when I saw things I just didn't do anything." Her big complaint was that her hours had been cut, reducing her take-home pay.

Tulley -- whose bonus was cut from $800 in 2006 to $300 in 2007 -- said, "People would walk out with bags of merchandise . . . I heard the alarms go off and people wouldn't even look."

Theft is a relatively minor problem for Wal-Mart but it is a symptom of a deeper concern I have with its management. It miscalculates the negative impact that cost cuts will have on employees, customers, and shareholders. What do you think?

Peter Cohan is president of Peter S. Cohan & Associates, a management consulting and venture capital firm. He also teaches management at Babson College and edits The Cohan Letter. He has no financial interest in Wal-Mart securities.

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Last updated: November 12, 2009: 08:16 PM

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