Barron's [subscription required] cover story suggests that Berkshire Hathaway Inc (NYSE: BRK.A) is overvalued. I think the stock has been rising because money is looking for a safe haven in today's volatile market. And Barron's is right to get people thinking about how safe that haven is as Warren Buffett's years as CEO draw to an inevitable -- and sad -- close.
Berkshire's market value is very high. It hit a record $151,650 last week and now has a stock-market value of $220 billion. But it's pricey -- based on several valuation measures, Barron's thinks it's worth $130,000 a share -- about 10% below the current quote. Here are two of those methods:
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Price/book. Currently, Berkshire's ratio of market value to book value -- its assets minus its liabilities -- is at 1.8 times its September 30 book value, of $77,800 a share. That's above its average of 1.6 in the past five years. It's also valued at 23 times estimated 2007 operating profits of $6,300 a share. 2008's profits are expected to be similar to this year's. If Berkshire were valued at 1.7 times book value, a premium to its five-year average, the stock would trade at $132,000.
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Insurance on book value, others businesses on profits. Some analysts value Berkshire by assessing its insurance units on book value and its other businesses on profits. Using this approach, Barron's came up with a value of about $130,000 a share. This calculation used a price/book ratio of 1.7 on Berkshire's insurance units' estimated September 30 book value. Barron's assigned a price/earnings multiple of 15 to projected 2008 operating profits of $2,800 a share for the non-insurance businesses.
Is Barron's right? Nobody knows what the future value of Berkshire's businesses are -- although I am sure Warren Buffett's estimates of that value are more accurate than Barron's. And Buffett opted not to comment in the article.
But I think Barron's is right to question the long-term value of Berkshire stock. That's because its competitive advantage is capital allocation. And the master capital allocator is Warren Buffett. He is searching for a replacement from outside the company which suggests that Buffett has failed to develop a successor. This is important because as Berkshire is currently configured, it will continue to generate at least $10 billion a year in cash that needs to be invested.
I spoke with a New York money manager who has enjoyed the doubling of Berkshire's stock over the last several years. He told me on Thursday that he thought Berkshire had run up to the point where it was at least fully valued. I would not be surprised if more money flows into Berkshire stock over the next few years due to the volatile markets and the desire for a safe haven.
But when Buffett inevitably leaves the CEO position, investors will sell the stock. There is simply no way to know whether Buffett's designated successors will be able to create shareholder value as well or better than he has. If after a few years, it's clear that those successors are up to the job, then the stock will rise. If not, then selling now will look like a pretty good decision.
That's the risk of investing in a company that depends on one outstanding person to make its most important decisions.
Peter Cohan is president of Peter S. Cohan & Associates. He also teaches management at Babson College and edits The Cohan Letter. He has no financial interest in Berkshire Hathaway.











Reader Comments (Page 1 of 1)
12-15-2007 @ 4:24PM
cjn said...
Didn't Barron's say Sears Holdings was worth $300 a share based on breakup value?
What's the breakup value of Berkshire A? Probably much more than $132,000!
12-16-2007 @ 10:25AM
blackopswarrior said...
If brk generates $10 billion in free cash flow/year, and if book value per share was 77.8k at end of 07 3rd qtr, then:
1. Year end bv/share is probably $80k right now.
2. If $10 bil. cash generated next year, even without adding in other things such as look through earnings, then b.v. per share grows to $86.667 just from the additional cash. Using a multiple of 1.6x book value to arrive at fair value, then fair value is $139,000 by year end of 08.
3. There is other value to brk that increases its intrinsic value beyond the cash generated.
4. Brk's multiple fluctuates, the range is more like 1.5x - 2.0 book value.
5. If one assumes $10 bil. added to book value for each of the next five years, just from cash generation, bv per share in five years is around 113k. Using a 1.6x multiple = $180/A share, or $6k/B share.
6. This is around a 4.8% CAGR.
7. However, all the assumptions are very conservative. In other words a 4.8% CAGR over the next five years is pretty much a "worst case scenario."