Research firm Canalys released its fourth quarter shipment data on the smartphone industry. The bottom line? Apple Inc. (NASDAQ: AAPL)'s iPhone is now in second place in the U.S.'s smartphone market. Globally, it's in third place.

Nokia Corp. (NYSE: NOK) remained the global market leader, shipping 60.5 million smartphones last year. While its shipments grew 69% in the fourth quarter, its smartphone market share declined year-over-year from to 53% from 54%.

Research in Motion Ltd. (NASDAQ: RIMM) shipments grew 121% globally compared with a year before, as did its share of the market, growing from a 9% to over 11%.

Then Apple swooped into the third place, pushing Motorola Inc. (NYSE: MOT) to fourth place, and capturing 6.5% of the global market, despite starting to sell iPhones (very) late in the second quarter.

Canalys also estimated "that Apple took 28% share of the fast growing US converged device market in Q4 2007, behind RIM's 41%, but a long way ahead of third placed Palm on 9%." [converged devices==wireless handsets and smartphones]

That was hardware.In software, Apple also made strides. While Canalys estimates, "Symbian had a 65% share of worldwide converged device shipments, ahead of Microsoft on 12% and RIM on 11%," in North America, Apple pushed Microsoft (NASDAQ: MSFT) to third place with a 21% share and took second place with 27%. RIM was the clear leader with 42%.

Pete Cunningham, Canalys senior analyst, said that "Apple has shown very clearly that it can make a difference and has sent a wakeup call to the market leaders." At the same time he warned that "a broad, continually refreshed portfolio is needed to retain and grow share in this dynamic market."