Can Wal-Mart gift cards take up the slack where home equity left off?


For years, rising home prices and home equity loans helped people with stagnant incomes to keep up with record food and energy prices. With the collapse of the real estate market, it was beginning to look like there was nothing to take up the slack. But this morning, CNNMoney reports, Wal-Mart Stores Inc. (NYSE: WMT) customers who received gift cards over the holidays are using them for "food and consumables rather than discretionary purchases."

If that's really true, rather than a convenient excuse for a less-than-perfectly managed retail store experience, then it tells us that the U.S. economy is in a heap of trouble. That's because a consumer who uses gift cards to buy food instead of gifts is one that is running low on options. Compared to getting money from a pawn shop, a gift card is a compelling way to pay. But once that gift card runs out -- and it probably can't buy more than a month or two of groceries, then what?

The market seems quite disappointed with Wal-Mart this morning -- it said its sales at stores open at least a year grew only 0.5% in January, excluding fuel sales. That was well below the forecast of 2% growth. In pre-market trading, its stock is down 3.9%. Investors are realizing that once those gift cards run out, Wal-Mart's monthly comparisons this year -- and maybe next -- will have negative signs in front of them.

For the last seven years, unsustainable borrowing has created the illusion of growth. But now Toto has pulled away the curtain and revealed the Wizard of Oz to be a familiar figure -- the banker expecting his loan to get paid back.

Peter Cohan is President of Peter S. Cohan & Associates. He also teaches management at Babson College and edits The Cohan Letter. He has no financial interest in Wal-Mart securities.

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