U.S. Treasury may borrow $550 billion - this quarter!


Talk about a large amount of funding in a quarter.

The U.S. Treasury Department, weighed down by unprecedented obligations for the bank rescue and a slowing economy, is expected to borrow a record $550 billion this quarter, compared to the pre-financial crisis estimate of $142 billion, the department announced.

Further, the $550 billion bond issuance follows a record $530 billion in borrowing in Q4 of fiscal 2008, which ended September 30.

In addition to the bank rescue and related programs, the slowing U.S. economy has also increased Treasury borrowing by reducing federal receipts and increasing outlays.

The U.S. Government closed fiscal 2008 with a $407 billion deficit, according to the Congressional Budget Office (pdf). The CBO projects a $438 billion deficit for fiscal year 2009, but economist Richard Felson said the total is likely to approach $1 trillion if the bank recapitalization and toxic asset repurchases proceed along outlined timetables.

"These are staggering sums of debt and it's hard to envision the dollar holding up long-term, given such borrowing," Felson said.

Dollar holding its own, so far

So far, the dollar has held its own against the world's other major currencies, actually rising about 10% versus the euro and about 15% versus the British pound since the approval of bank rescue legislation by Congress in September. The dollar has risen, economists say, on the projection that European economies are 'later in the economic cycle' than the U.S., will have to cut interest rates further, and will emerge from the recession after the U.S. economy does.

The dollar has also benefited, like Japan's yen, from a flight to safety in which institutional investors, unable to find productive places to deploy capital, park their money in strong currencies and await an improvement in economic and investment conditions.

Fiscal Analysis: The U.S. Treasury's large borrowing and the strong dollar are incongruent in the long term. Once the global economy begins to recover, capital will flow to areas of higher return, putting downward pressure on the dollar and upward pressure on interest rates. That's why it's imperative that the new Congress and presidential administration take measures to reduce budget deficit, including both tax increases and spending cuts.

The key is not balancing the budget in some unreasonably short timetable, but getting the U.S. on a deficit reduction track gradually over time.

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