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Bank Failure Count: FDIC closes 22nd bank of 2008

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The FDIC took over three banks yesterday, bringing the total number of bank failures so far this year to 22. As I posted, the FDIC likes to close banks on Friday after hours so they can reopen as branches of the acquiring bank on the following Monday morning. But the U.S. better be working overtime this weekend because Citigroup (NYSE: C) is going to need a merger partner or a government rescue to keep it from becoming history's biggest bank failure.

Of the three banks that failed Friday, two were in California -- Downey Savings and Loan Association (with $12.8 billion in assets and deposits of $9.7 billion), based in Newport Beach, and PFF Bank & Trust of Pomona (with assets of $3.7 billion and $2.4 billion in deposits) -- and the third was in Georgia: The Community Bank, with $681 million in assets and $611.4 million in deposits in Loganville.

In each case, the FDIC arranged for a healthier bank to take over the deposits, branches, and some of the assets of the failed one. U.S. Bancorp (NYSE: USB) acquired the deposits of the two California banks that were brought down by Option ARM mortgages -- which allow a borrower to skip payments and add the amount to the loan principle -- and housing construction loans. Bank of Essex, of Tappahannock, Va., bought all the bank deposits and $84.4 million of The Community Bank's assets -- the FDIC took on the rest.

Is this the end? Far from it. The FDIC has 117 banks on its problem bank list out of roughly 8,500 it insures. And while it is reassuring that the FDIC can handle these small bank failures, the real problem will come when the U.S. tries to deal with Citi -- since the FDIC's $45.2 billion deposit insurance fund would be only 6% of Citi's $780 billion in total deposits.

The question is whether the entire U.S. government can craft a solution that keeps the global financial system from imploding -- after all with $2 trillion in assets, the bankruptcy of Citi would be more than three times bigger than the $639 billion Lehman collapse.

Peter Cohan is president of Peter S. Cohan & Associates. He also teaches management at Babson College and edits The Cohan Letter. He owns Citi stock and has no financial interest in the other securities mentioned.

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Last updated: November 12, 2009: 05:08 AM

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