2009 U.S. Health Care Reform Bill: A First Step


As expected, the U.S. Senate passed the 2009 health care reform bill Thursday along party lines, 60-39. All 58 Democrats and two Independents voted for it; 39 Republicans voted against it. U.S. Sen. Jim Bunning, R-Kentucky, did not vote.

The health care overhaul bill is the most important social policy change in the United States since the establishment of Medicare in 1965, and it ranks third behind that act, and the creation of Social Security in 1935 in social welfare state importance. Without question, the health care reform action -- aimed at eventually creating a health care system where everyone is insured and receives regular medical care -- is a civilization advance.

And, one might argue it's long overdo: President Teddy Roosevelt, R-New York, first proposed a national health care system, more than a hundred years ago.
The Senate bill now must be reconciled with the House version in a conference committee, and after the two are reconciled, the United States will join the advanced, industrial economies in Europe in having an insurance plan whose goal is universal coverage.

Still, the health care reform legislation represents a starter home -- not a mansion. Not everyone will be covered in five years -- there will be coverage gaps, citizens who seek to circumvent the system, or who simply chose to pay penalties rather than obtain health insurance. But the bill nevertheless does represent the first step at Medicare and Medicaid cost containment and at granting (via subsidies and other mechanisms) the 15-20 million Americans who do want health insurance but who can't afford it, the opportunity to purchase it. Further, as policy makers learn what's working and what doesn't, look for public officials to refine the program to further wring-out waste and expand cost-effective programs that achieve good health outcomes.

As noted, the health care bill of 2009 is a good bill, but it could have been better. However, Republicans never offered a comprehensive health care policy that had the goal of universal health care insurance at an affordable price. Essentially, the Republicans' stance was: let the market determine what health insurance products are best, let the market work to lower costs, and offer tax credits to help Americans pay for health insurance.

The problem with the above is that there is no credible evidence that suggests that a market economy in the modern era can achieve universal health insurance while simultaneously keeping costs low. To date, no modern, western, industrialized democracy has achieved it. And the United States has seen what the market economy has done as per capita incomes and wealth have increased: health care costs have exploded (and continue to rise), putting health care insurance out of reach for working-class families -- even some middle-class families -- in addition to making it too costly for lower-income citizens. As noted, the health care reform legislation will begin to contain costs, and decrease those coverage gaps.

Financial Editor Joseph Lazzaro is writing a book on the U.S. presidency and the U.S. economy.

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