Analyst upgrades:

• Baird upgraded Adtran (NASDAQ: ADTN) to Outperform from Neutral based on valuation, new product cycles, and confidence in 2H08 results.
  
• Morgan Stanley upgraded shares of Repsol (NYSE: REP) to Overweight from Equal Weight as they believe the potential sale to Sacyr Vallehermoso SA could lead to a restructuring.
  
• Stanford lifted National Oilwell Varco (NYSE: NOV) to Buy from Hold citing valuation. In addition, the firm, which set a target of $70, thinks most of the drop in commodity prices is now over.
• Ryanair (NASDAQ: RYAAY) was raised to Hold from Sell at Societe Generale.
  
• Ann Taylor (NYSE: ANN) was upgraded at Piper to Neutral from Sell.
  
• Goldman added Illinois Tool Works (NYSE: ITW) to the Conviction Buy List.

Analyst downgrades:

• Argus downgraded shares of Constellation Energy (NYSE: CEG) to Hold from Buy post-close given the volatility in the stock as they can no longer recommend CEG until concerns over its capital and liquidity are resolved. Shares were also downgraded to Hold from Buy at Citigroup.
  
• Collins Stewart downgraded Lloyds TSB Group (NYSE: LYG) to Hold from Buy following the acquisition of HBOS (OTC: HBOOY) as they expect short-term weakness in the stock.

Carnage. Mayhem. BS. Rumors. It was and remains ugly and the fears are only growing. You should see the credit spreads of the credit default swaps. Some of them have never traded at these levels -- even on the good solid companies. Trying to get new, fresh angles to cover the markets right now is becoming a challenge. It's just ugly. I didn't even feel like writing a Closing Bell post today. Gold, oil and metals rallied sharply as investors fled to save havens.

Here are today's unofficial closing bell levels:
Dow 10,610.80 -448.22 -4.05%
S&P 500 1,156.21 -57.38 -4.73%
NASDAQ 2,098.85 -109.05 -4.94%
10YR T-Bond 3.41% -0.081%
52-week lows
Top Analyst Upgrades
Top Analyst Downgrades

Nortel Networks Corp. (NYSE: NT) needs to change its name to "NO TELL" in a hurry. This stock was down 50% at $2.64 right before the close. You know why: slowing telecom and communication equipment orders. Yep, another warning.

Morgan Stanley (NYSE: MS) was the worst financial cohort today. The stock was crushed on rumors, widening credit spreads specific to it, and just overall fears that it is next on the Bataan Death March. Right before the close the stock was down 30% to $20.00, but shares hit lows of $16.08 at the worst level today.

Analyst upgrades:

• Baird upgraded Dicks Sporting Goods (NYSE: DKS) to Outperform from Neutral based on valuation.
  
• Home Depot (NYSE: HD) was raised to Market Perform from Underperform by Morgan Keegan.
  
• Southwest Airlines (NYSE: LUV) was upgraded to Outperform from Market Perform by Avondale.

Analyst downgrades:

• BMO Capital downgraded Hasbro (NYSE: HAS) to Underperform from Market Perform due to valuation and macro headwinds.
  
• UBS dropped Darden Restaurants (NYSE: DRI) to Neutral from Buy because of slowing casual dining trends.
• Goldman Sachs dropped Affiliated Computer (NYSE: ACS) to Neutral from Buy.
  
• Goldman also downgraded Automatic Data Processing (NYSE: ADP) to Neutral from Buy.

Analyst initiations:

• CIBC initiated Nortel Networks (NYSE: NT) with a Sector Performer rating based on what they see as the company's limited growth and margin prospects.
  
• Needham initiated Juniper (NASDAQ: JNPR) with a Hold rating, citing valuation.
  
• Blockbuster (NYSE: BBI) was initiated with a Hold by Needham, which would like to see if the company's turnaround is sustainable before becoming more constructive on the shares.

RadiSys Corporation (NASDAQ: RSYS) makes system products for embedded computer applications used in the manufacturing automation, medical, transportation, telecommunications, gaming and test equipment markets. Products include embedded boards, board-level modules and chip-level components. The company also offers system integration and repair services. Clients include Nokia (NYSE: NOK), Nortel Networks (NYSE: NT) and IBM (NYSE: IBM).

The firm pleased investors last week, when it reported Q2 EPS of 14 cents and revenues of $97.6 million. Analysts had been expecting six cents and $87.8 million. The CEO attributed success to strong demand for the company's wireless and IP media server products. Management also guided Q3 EPS to 16-22 cents (nine cent consensus) and Q3 revenues to $98-$103 million ($91.2M consensus).

Analyst upgrades:

• Jefferies upgraded shares of Akamai (NASDAQ: AKAM) to Buy from Hold on valuation, as they see a long-term buying opportunity following the recent correction. The firm maintains a $29 target.
• Moody's (NYSE: MCO) was upgraded to Overweight from Underweight at Lehman.
  
• Boyd Gaming (NYSE: BYD) was upgraded to Neutral from Underperform at Merrill Lynch.

Analyst downgrades:

• Jefferies downgraded shares of Nortel Networks (NYSE: NT) to Hold from Buy on concerns about the company's ability to hit expectations and drive margin expansion in the face of an eroding CDMA revenue stream. The firm lowered their target to $7.25 from $11.
  
• B. Riley cut Charlotte Russe (NASDAQ: CHIC) to Neutral from Buy on concerns about how well the company can perform with the interim management team, especially in light of the current retail environment. The firm lowered their target to $14 from $17. Roth Capital downgraded shares to Sell from Hold to reflect the management uncertainty and lowered their target to $9 from $14.
  
• Goldman cut Warner Music (NYSE: WMG) to Sell from Neutral and Deere (NYSE: DE) to Neutral from Buy.

Analyst initiations:

• Banc of America expects top-line growth at Amgen (NASDAQ: AMGN) to be driven by Denosumab and for investors to look to the stock for biotech exposure following the potential acquisition of Genentech (NYSE: DNA). The firm started shares with a Buy rating and $70 target.
• Sirius Satellite (NASDAQ: SIRI) was initiated at JP Morgan with a Neutral rating.
  

Diodes Incorporated (NASDAQ: DIOD) is engaged in the design, manufacture and marketing of semiconductor products, including diodes, transistors, and rectifiers. The firm focuses on devices with end user applications in the consumer electronics, computing, industrial, communications and automotive sectors. Customers include Intel (NASDAQ: INTC) and Nortel Networks (NYSE: NT).

The firm is expanding its reach, via the acquisition route. It completed its purchase of British chip maker Zetex, on June 9th. That led management to increase its guidance for Q2 revenues from $100-$106 million to $114-$117 million. The Street had been looking for $104.27 million. Guidance for gross profit was boosted from a sequential increase of 4-9% to a sequential increase of 18-21%.

Here are some highlights from this past week's earnings coverage from BloggingStocks:

• ADC Telecommunications Inc. (NASDAQ: ADCT) beat Q2 estimates and raised its full-year guidance.
• Alcoa Inc. (NYSE: AA) near-term earnings prospects led to an analyst downgrade.
• Banco de Chile (NYSE: BCH) earnings prospects after an acquisition led to an analyst's upgrade.
• Benihana Inc. (NASDAQ: BNHN) posted lower Q4 profits but still beat earnings estimates.
• Bob Evans Farms Inc. (NASDAQ: BOBE) reported solid Q4 results due in part to cost management.
• Brown-Forman Corp. (NYSE: BF.B) easily beat Q4 estimates and offered full-year guidance.
• CMGI Inc. (NASDAQ: CMGI) lowered its guidance, sending shares tumbling 25%.
• Coca Cola Hellenic Bottling Co. (NYSE: CCH) warned of weaker earnings due to economic conditions.
• Conn's Inc. (NASDAQ: CONN) reported solid Q1 results and issued in-line guidance for the year.
• Dick's Sporting Goods Inc. (NYSE: DKS) earnings prospects impress analysts despite recent guidance.
• Guess? Inc. (NYSE: GES) topped Q1 expectations due to strong international expansion.
• Krispy Kreme Doughnuts Inc. (NYSE: KKD) swung to a Q1 profit despite falling revenues.
• Lehman Brothers Holdings Inc. (NYSE: LEH) posted a bigger-than-expected loss on further write-downs.

Today was yet another day where Joe Public felt like he spent a round in the ring with Joe Lewis. It's getting that way again, and now the only real positive is that contrarians may start to get happy.

Oil jumped back up another $5.00 per barrel on inventory numbers reported this morning. The continued weak environment sent financials and airlines into the dirt again. PIMCO's McCulley said he believes that the Fed is understating inflation and the Fed's Beige Book hinted that some higher costs are beginning to be passed down to consumers.

Here are the unofficial closes of major US index levels:
DJIA 12082.14 (-207.62)
S&P500 1335.56 (-22.88)
NASDAQ 2394.01 (-54.93)
10YR T-NOTE 4.07% (-0.026%)
Top 10 Analyst Calls

Anheuser-Busch Companies Inc. (NYSE: BUD) saw another big pickup in its call options activity today and then CNBC's David Faber said that InBev in Europe may be close to making an unsolicited bid for the company. Shares were up about 2.3% at $58.45 in the final minutes of the day.

Before the bell: Futures higher ahead of Beige Book, oil supplies

Alcoa Inc. (NYSE: AA) said its Australian operations declared force majeure under supply contracts because an explosion at a gas supplier slowed production. Alcoa said the disruption will likely lower second-quarter earnings by 2 cents to 3 cents a share. Also, JP Morgan downgraded Alcoa from Overweight to Neutral, saying the company will not be a takeover target.

Bloggers, investors and Apple Inc. (NASDAQ: AAPL) weren't just interested in the new 3G iPhone unveiled Monday. Many of them commented on the appearance of CEO Steve Jobs and voiced concerns for his health, saying he was gaunt-looking. While a spokeswoman said Jobs was hit with a common bug, many are worried since Jobs was diagnosed with a rare form of pancreatic cancer four years ago, for which he underwent surgery that Apple said was successful.

Caterpillar (NYSE: CAT) was awarded a $397.1 million contract from the U.S. Army for two types of dozers with armor kits. The contract has one five-year option. Work is expected to be completed by 2018. Caterpillar is also holding its annual meeting today.

In a reorganization of China's telecom industry, which will change the face of the wireless industry, the country plans to merge two of its largest mobile companies, China Netcom (NYSE: CN) and China Unicom (NYSE: CHU). The new firm will be issued on of the three high-speed wireless licenses that the government plans to grant.

China's two largest phone companies, China Mobile (NYSE: CHL) and China Telecom, will receive the other two contracts.

According to Reuters, the 3G development will "unleash billions of dollars in spending for network gearmakers." Those companies would include Nokia (NYSE: NOK), Nortel (NYSE: NT), Ericsson (NASDAQ: ERIC),and Motorola (NYSE: MOT).

The news may also be a benefit to handset makers as they rush to offer products for the new 3G networks. Apple (NASDAQ: AAPL) has still not found a home for the iPhone in China.

More competition among carriers will give it a greater chance to strike a good deal. A new market could also give some aid to Motorola's flagging handset sales and to rivals Samsung and Sony Ericsson.

Douglas A. McIntyre is an editor at 247wallst.com.

Nortel (NYSE:NT) is up over 8% on strong earnings.

Force Protection (NASDAQ:FRPT) is trading higher 14% on a new contract from the UK.

Investools (NASDAQ:SWIM) is off almost 26% on news that the SEC is conduting an informal inquiry.

NetSuite (NYSE:N) is down over 15% after posting weak quarterly numbers.

Stocks may trade differently in the pre-market than they do in the regular session.

Douglas A. McIntyre is an editor at 247wallst.com.

Nortel Networks (NYSE: NT) is scheduled to report Q1 EPS before the market open on May 2.

NT will be a participant at Networld-Interop 2008, beginning on May 4.

NT May option implied volatility of 74 is above its 26-week average of 58 according to Track Data, suggesting larger price uncertainty.

Options Update is provided by Stock Specialist Paul Foster of theflyonthewall.com

Next week is sure to be filled with fun and volatile market conditions. The highlight will be the Fed decision on key rates, due on Wednesday, April 30, following a two-day meeting. Anytime the Fed has the floor, the markets listen. Tuesday and Wednesday will be filled with speculation up until the time of the announcement of a cut or pause.

There are many possible outcomes for this meeting, as we have seen a substantial change in investor sentiment regarding the potential need for further rate cuts. The buzz on the street is for a cut of 25 basis points and then a wait-and-see attitude from there. I think that is the most likely direction.

There has been a great deal of concern that all the recent rate cuts have not provided the benefit to consumers the economy needs. Clearly, there is a fatty clog within our financial circulatory system. Traditionally, the Fed likes to see how its actions trickle into the economy before it continues too far down one path, which would argue for a pause now. Plus, the Fed does not want to run out of ammunition by cutting rates too far too fast. But there is no question that we are dealing with a more aggressive Fed than we have seen in decades, so I think we will see another small rate cut.

MOST NOTEWORTHY: Seagate, Nortel Networks and Ann Taylor were today's noteworthy downgrades:

• Thomas Weisel downgraded Seagate (NYSE: STX) to Market Weight from Overweight as they believe the company's growth will be more muted given high existing market share and overall industry growth.
  
• Baird downgraded Nortel (NYSE: NT) to Neutral from Outperform citing checks that indicate deteriorating US Enterprise sales in the last few weeks of Q1. The firm now expects companies to guide flat QoQ instead of up and to make cautious 2H08 comments.
  
• Ann Taylor (NYSE: ANN) was cut to Neutral from Buy at Piper to reflect concerns over the LOFT division as well as consumer spending.

OTHER DOWNGRADES:

• Citigroup lowered TJX Cos (NYSE: TJX) to Hold from Buy.
  
• WestLB downgraded to Hold from Add Novartis (NYSE: NVS).
  
• Hartford Financial (NYSE: HIG) was downgraded to Neutral from Buy at UBS.

EXFO Electro-Optical Engineering (NASDAQ: EXFO) specializes in the design and manufacture of equipment used by telecommunications carriers, cable television companies and public utilities operators to test and monitor their networks. It also provides light-based systems used in medical device and opto-electronics assemblies, as well as fluorescence microscopy and electrophysiology instruments used in the life sciences sector. Customers include AT&T (NYSE: T) and Nortel Networks (NYSE: NT). Agilent Technologies (NYSE: A) is a major competitor.

The company pleased investors last week, when it reported fiscal Q2 EPS of six cents and revenues of $43.3 million. Analysts had been expecting two cents and $42.3 million. Management also guided Q3 EPS to between four and seven cents (five cent consensus) and Q3 revenues to between $45 million and $48 million ($46.93 million consensus). Further, the firm announced a deal to acquire Internet Protocol applications tester Brix Networks for $28.5 million in cash. RBC Capital Markets and Roth Capital subsequently reiterated "buy" ratings on the stock and declared price targets in the $7-$8 range