Analyst upgrades:

• Jefferies upgraded Quicksilver (NYSE: KWK) to Buy from Hold as it believes the company has many options to resolve its liquidity crisis. The firm expects shares to move towards its $10 NAV estimate and raised its target price to $10 from $7.
• Deutsche Bank upgraded Omnicom Group (NYSE: OMC) to Hold from Sell following the Q1 results as the company's margins are holding up better than previously thought. The firm raised its target price on shares to $31 from $21.
  
• Deutsche Bank also upgraded Universal Health (NYSE: UHS) following the company's better than expected Q1 results. Shares were lifted to Buy from Hold and the firm raised its target on the stock to $60 from $45.
• Barclays (NYSE: BCS) was raised to Buy from Reduce at Nomura.
  
• Orient-Express (NYSE: OEH) was lifted to Neutral from Underweight at JP Morgan.
  
• CVS Caremark (NYSE: CVS) was upgraded at Goldman to Conviction Buy from Buy.

Alcoa Inc. (NYSE: AA), the first Dow component to report earnings and thus kick off the earnings season, posted a bigger-than-expected loss of $1.19 billion Monday after the close. This disappointing start to the earnings season came less than a week after the aluminum giant said it is cutting jobs and production. The causes are the general economic downturn, and specifically the lower demand from the automotive, commercial transportation and building and construction sectors, which caused a 35% slump in aluminum prices. AA shares traded 1% lower in premarket action, but that's after closing down nearly 7% Monday. AA shares decline over 3.5% around 10 am.

Sony Corp. (NYSE: SNE), the Japanese consumer electronics giant, will likely have an annual operating loss of about $1.1 billion, its first loss in 14 years, as sales fizzle for digital cameras, flat-panel TVs and other gadgets. Sony's shares plunged Tuesday and the stock fell more than 4.8% in pre-market trading. SNE shares declined over 3.3% near 10 am.

Citigroup, Inc. (NYSE: C) and Morgan Stanley (NYSE: MS) will no doubt still be in focus after news broke they are in negotiations for City to sell to Morgan Stanley a majority stake in its Smith Barney brokerage unit as a means of raising cash. Citi shares fell sharply Monday -- more than 17% -- as investors wonder how much more cash the troubled bank will need. Shares declined another 2% in premarket trading this morning. Citi shares decline over 5% and MS shares over 1.7% around 10 am.

Analyst upgrades:

• Citigroup upgraded Bristol-Myers (NYSE: BMY) to Buy from Hold. Citigroup upgraded shares on their belief the company has one of the best three year growth rates among peers.
  
• Rio Tinto (NYSE: RTP) was upgraded to Buy from Underperform at Merrill Lynch. Merrill upgraded Rio Tinto following the company's debt repayment plan announcement.
  
• Credit Suisse upgraded Societe Generale (OTC: SCGLY) to Outperform from Neutral. Credit Suisse upgraded shares on valuation.
  
• Alberto-Culver (NYSE: ACV) was added to Conviction Buy List; maintain Buy at Goldman.
  
• American States Water Co. (NYSE: AWR) was upgraded to Buy from Hold at Jesup & Lamont.
  
• Hawaiian Electric (NYSE: HE) was upgraded to Outperform from Neutral at RW Baird.

Analyst downgrades:

Analyst upgrades:

• Oppenheimer upgraded shares of National City (NYSE: NCC) to Outperform from Perform on valuation as they believe the bank is not seeing a mass exodus of depositors.
  
• Wachovia upgraded Brookfield Infrastructure (NYSE: BIP) to Outperform from Market Perform due to what the firm sees as the company's solid cash flow growth outlook, strong balance sheet, and discounted valuation.
  
• Baird upgraded Tellabs (NASDAQ: TLAB) to Outperform from Neutral citing valuation and improving 2009 prospects from 8800, 8600, and 7100 products and better Opex management..
• Take-Two (NASDAQ: TTWO) was upgraded to Outperform from Neutral at Cowen.
  
• UBS raised Nortel Networks (NYSE: NT) to Buy from Neutral.
  
• Borg-Warner (NYSE: BWA) was raised to Buy from Hold at Keybanc.

Analyst downgrades:

• Merriman downgraded shares of TheStreet.com (NASDAQ: TSCM) and Bankrate (NASDAQ: RATE) to Neutral from Buy to reflect concerns about display advertising trends and the company's above average exposure to the financial vertical.
  
• Baird downgraded Monaco Coach (NYSE: MNC) to Neutral from Outperform and Thor Industries (NYSE: THO) and Winnebago Industries (NYSE: WGO) to Underperform from Neutral citing valuations and checks that indicate "dreadful" fundamentals.
  
• RBC Capital downgraded Apple (NASDAQ: AAPL) to Sector Perform from Outperform citing weakening consumer spending, reduced visibility, and risks to valuation. The company's target was lowered to $140 from $200.

The earnings crunch is in full swing, and here are a few of the highlights of this past week's earnings coverage from BloggingStocks:

• American Express Co. (NYSE: AXP) reported a slip in profits and warned of slow growth in 2008.
• Alberto-Culver (NYSE: ACV) returned to profitability after a spin-off and restructuring.
• Avnet Inc. (NYSE: AVT) beat expectations and offered a revised forecast.
• Black & Decker Corp. (NYSE: BDK) beat expectations but lowered its outlook due to the housing slump.
• Eastman Kodak Co. (NYSE: EK) fell short of earnings estimates, sending shares lower.
• Hershey Co. (NYSE: HSY) responded to disappointing results by announcing price increases.
• Kraft Foods Inc. (NYSE: KFT) fourth-quarter profit fell on higher costs for raw materials.
• Lenovo Group Ltd. (OTC: LNVGY) nearly tripled quarterly earnings on strong demand for PCs in Asia.
• MasterCard Inc. (NYSE: MA) beat expectations, even after excluding a one-time investment gain.
• McCormick & Co. (NYSE: MKC) posted solid results on strength in international markets.
• McDonald's Corp. (NYSE: MCD) beat expectations, but reported flat same-store sales in December.
• Procter & Gamble Co. (NYSE: PG) reported strong second-quarter results on strength in emerging markets.
• SanDisk Corp. (NASDAQ: SNDK) reported a profit but missed revenue expectations.
• Sherwin-Williams Co. (NYSE: SHW) missed estimates and lowered expectations for the next quarter.
• 3M Co. (NYSE: MMM) beat expectations despite a decline in profits.
• Tyson Foods Inc. (NYSE: TSN) profits fell and it announced a plan to raise prices.
• Verizon Communications Inc. (NYSE: VZ) met earnings estimates but fell short of revenue expectations.

For additional BloggingStocks earnings highlights, see Yahoo!, Google, Amazon, Countrywide, Merck, UBS and others and Exxon, Boeing, Halliburton, Sony, UPS, Honda and others.

The separation of the company into a consumer products company, Alberto-Culver Company (NYSE: ACV), and a beauty supply distribution company, Sally Beauty Holdings Inc. (NYSE: SBH), is complete. Most of its restructuring costs are behind it. The company has closed excess production facilities, instituted a more efficient inventory management system, and introduced a more favorable product mix favoring higher-profit margin items. As a result, the revamped Alberto-Culver Company returned to profitability in 1Q2008.

Net sales increased 14% to $400 million. Earnings from continuing operations increased a whopping 60% to $48.3 million. 1Q2008 net earnings were $30.9 million, much better than 1Q2007 net loss of $5.9 million. Most importantly, there were actually EPS of $0.29, a far cry from zero EPS in 1Q2007. Given the good 1Q2008 results, Alberto-Culver upped its dividend payout 18% to $0.065 per share. The stock closed recently at $26.76, up $0.86 or 3.32%.

Patient value investors may want to take a look at Sally Beauty Holdings Inc., the spin off company. The stock has struggled recently. It currently trades at just over $8 per share but has a lot of room for growth potential.

MOST NOTEWORTHY: Barnes Group Inc (B), MFA Mortgage Investments (MFA), Alberto-Culver Co (ACV), ZymoGenetics, Inc (ZGEN) and Genelabs Technologies (GNLB) were today's noteworthy initiations:

• CIBC expects Barnes Group (NYSE: B) to benefit from the sustained upswing in the aerospace cycle and robust global execution, starting shares of with a Sector Outperformer rating.

• JMP Securities is positive on MFA Mortgage Investments' (NYSE: MFA) organic yield improvement potential of its short duration portfolio and the company's modest leverage, starting shares with a Market Outperform rating.

• William Blair started shares of Alberto-Culver Co (NYSE: ACV) with an Outperform rating, believing the company is one of the better long-term growth opportunities among mid-cap stocks in consumer products.

• ZymoGenetics Inc (NASDAQ: ZGEN) was started with a Neutral rating at Oppenheimer, since the firm doesn't expect any important new clinical data until Q308.

• Genelabs Technologies Inc (NASDAQ: GNLB) was started with a Buy at Oppenheimer, saying the company has a portfolio of early-stage programs in the treatment of Hep-C that have the potential to be best-in-class...

OTHER INITIATIONS:

• Cowen started Maxygen, Inc (NASDAQ: MAXY) with an Outperform.

• Merrill initiated Atheros Communications, Inc (NASDAQ: ATHR) with a Buy rating.

• Jefferies initiated shares of Alcon, Inc (NYSE: ACL) and Chemed Corp (NYSE: CHE) with Buy ratings.

• Rodman initiated Amgen, Inc (NASDAQ: AMGN) with a Market Perform rating.

Analyst summaries provided by TheFlyOnTheWall.com (subscription required).