Our continent is home to more family offices and foundations than any other part of the world. These institutions are companies (limited partnerships, usually) that exist primarily to benefit a particular family (as the name implies). So, if you have a boatload of family cash, you set up an LP rather than manage your holdings individually. There are advantages involving taxation and liability, among others.

Family offices are quite active in the hedge fund space, according to Preqin, with the average family office in North America allocating 14% of its assets to this class.

Pepsi Bottling Group (NYSE: PBG), a beverage entity that competes with Coca-Cola (NYSE: KO) and Coca-Cola Enterprises (NYSE: CCE), reported Q2 earnings on Wednesday. Adjusting for a gain related to tax issues, the company earned 78 cents per share.

According to Trey Thoelcke's earnings preview, Pepsi Bottling Group was only supposed to make about 73 cents per share. So, management managed to beat Wall Street's projections. Unfortunately, management made the same amount of per-share profit in the year-ago period, so there wasn't any growth on the bottom line.

According to reports, both PepsiCo (NYSE: PEP) and Pepsi Bottling Group (NYSE: PBG) received an upgrade from Stifel Nicolaus. Both are now placed in the "buy" category. I'm sure the companies are happy to be away from the depressing "hold" moniker. The price targets on Pepsi and Pepsi Bottling Group are $64 and $37, respectively. As of this writing, Pepsi was priced at $54.82 while Pepsi Bottling Group's last bid was $33.71.

As can be seen, if Stifel Nicolaus turns out to be right, then traders might have a winning transaction on their hands. But one thing that must be remembered is the arbitrage game going on here. Pepsi wants to buy Pepsi Bottling Group. The latter is, of course, arguing for a higher purchase price.

Sirius Satellite Radio (NASDAQ: SIRI) volatility at 68; Arbitrage spread tightens into FCC decision.

• SIRI is recently up $0.22 to $3.53, over 6%. SIRI and XMSR announced on 2/20/07 a merger of equals. XMSR shareholders will receive 4.6 SIRI shares for each XMSR share.
  
• Cowen says: "We expect FCC approval before Dec. 4, the end of the FCC review period. We believe approval as early as Oct. is possible. Maintain Outperform on both XMSR & SIRI."
  
• XMSR-SIRI arbitrage premium spread is at 12%. Mel Karmazin is CEO of SIRI.
  
• XMSR December option implied volatility of 68 is above its 26-week average of 51 according to Track Data, suggesting larger price risks.

XM Satellite Radio (NASDAQ: XMSR) volatility up; Arbitrage spread tightens into FCC decision.

• XMSR is recently up $1.07 to $14.69.
  
• SIRI October option implied volatility of 71 is above its 26-week average of 53 according to Track Data, suggesting larger price risks.

Daily options Update is provided by Stock Specialist Paul Foster of theflyonthewall.com.

Avaya Inc. (NYSE: AV), a corporate phone salescompany, has a bid on the table for $17.50 per share, which is expected to go through by the end of the year. If this deal does go through, shareholders stand to make a meager return of 2.3% -- nothing great.

But the story becomes more interesting when investors consider the potential for a new acquirer to step up and make an offer -- an event that is not considered unlikely amongst the "smart money." As the NY Times Deal Book is reporting, many on Wall Street are expecting Nortel Corp. (NYSE: NT) to come out and make a higher bid for Avaya.

This is an interesting derivative of my activist arbitrage strategy I discussed here on BloggingBuyouts, a sister blog of BloggingStocks. Basically, buyers of Avaya are in a very interesting win-a-little vs. win-a-lot situation. If the $17.50 offer goes through and a buyer such as Nortel doesn't step up, shareholders will make a little. But if Nortel comes in and makes a bid, or if a bidding war transpires for the company, shareholders stand to make good money -- especially considering the little risk involved.

Tails I win, heads you lose.