Here are some highlights from last week's earnings coverage from BloggingStocks:

• Alcoa Inc. (NYSE: AA) reported a surprise Q3 profit due to cost cutting; revenue topped estimates as well.
• Avis Budget Group Inc. (NYSE: CAR) said a proposed offering of $250 million in notes could reduce earnings.
• Clorox Co. (NYSE: CLX) earnings prospects garnered it an upgrade from one analyst.
• Coca-Cola Co. (NYSE: KO) earnings prospects resulted in an upgrade from one analyst.
• Costco Wholesale Corp. (NASDAQ: COST) lower Q4 earnings topped analysts' expectations, lifting shares.
• Family Dollar Stores Inc. (NYSE: FDO) higher Q4 earnings beat analysts' estimates but sales were just OK.

Avis Budget Group (NYSE: CAR - option chain) stock traded lower Wednesday after the company said a proposed offering of $250 million in notes could reduce its earnings per share. If you think this stock won't be rising too far in the coming months, then it could be a good time to look at a bearish hedged play on CAR.

Wednesday, CAR opened at $12.07. In morning trading, the stock hit a high of $12.46 and a low of $11.94. As of 10:55, CAR was trading at $12.18, down $1.10 (-8.3%). The chart for CAR looks bullish.

The world's largest auto maker, Toyota Motor Corp. (NYSE: TM) announced Tuesday that is was about to issue the biggest recall in the company's history, as problems with some floor mats has led to numerous accidents and at least five deaths.

The recall involves eight different models of Toyota and Lexus vehicles manufactured and sold in the U.S. over the past six years, and include the popular Prius hybrid. Apparently, there is a problem with the driver side floor mats that result in the mats coming loose and jamming down the accelerator.

Well, you knew it had to happen since Uncle Sam effectively owns Chrysler and General Motors. The U.S. House of Representatives is trying to pass a bill that would mandate the large automakers honor existing franchise agreements and put off dealer closures. The Dow Jones Newswire article quoted Bailey Wood, a lobbyist for the National Automobile Dealers Association, with the following doozy: "Closing dealerships will not make either Chrysler or GM any more viable, and Congress is realizing that," Wood said.

That the politicians are getting involved in operational decisions is clear evidence of the impending doom for the large auto companies. It's hard enough to exit bankruptcy and restart a business. It's far harder to do so while carrying political agendas on your back.

Analyst upgrades:

• Stephens upgraded The Andersons (NASDAQ: ANDE) to Overweight from Equal Weight on expectations the company is benefiting from good space income opportunities and better ethanol profitability. The firm raised its target price to $31 from $28.
  
• Jefferies upgraded NRG Energy (NYSE: NRG) to Buy from Hold as the analyst believes Exelon (NYSE: EXC) will have to materially raise its offer to close the acquisition. The firm raised its target on shares to $25 from $22.50.
  
• FBR Capital upgraded FMC Technologies (NYSE: FTI) to Outperform from Market Perform after meeting with management to reflect the company's 2011 growth potential. The firm raised its target on shares to $51.
• J. Sainsbury (OTC: JSAIY) was upgraded to Overweight from Equal Weight at Morgan Stanley.
  
• SVB Financial (NASDAQ: SIVB) and Fulton Financial (NASDAQ: FULT) were upgraded to Outperform from Sector Perform at RBC Capital.

A roundup of the dark tidings from BloggingStocks and elsewhere on the Web:

• CDS holders to push GM into bankruptcy despite salvage efforts? (Financial Times)
• Recession creates first April budget deficit since 1983 (BloggingStocks)
• Biofuels fall off a cliff, hard to find opportunity (Earth2Web)
• Georgia Gulf near bankruptcy (Zack's)
• More home owners unable to sell houses opt to rent them out (BloggingStocks)

In a perfect world, an ample supply of a commodity at a low price should stimulate demand. Not so with gasoline in America. According to MarketWatch, "Even though prices at the pump are now about 45% lower than they were a year ago and significantly below $2 a gallon, 52% of Americans told Gallup that they have not gone back to their old gas-guzzling ways."

The poll indicates, as might be expected, that lower income drivers are cutting back the most.

The easy reasoning behind the drop in driving is that people will save money in a tough economy. If things were good, drivers would drive more and take advantage of falling prices.

It may not be that simple. The average American is not a boob. He understands that, over time, the amount of oil in the world is finite. Gas prices may not go back up tomorrow, but they will go back up. Getting used to using oil-based products less is good long-term thinking.

Another, less obvious, reason for cutting back on hours on the road is that a car driven less lasts longer. Buying gas may be getting less expensive, but a new car is still an investment of over $20,000 in most cases. People don't have that money. Getting another year of service out of an aging vehicle has a particularly important value in a recession.

Douglas A. McIntyre is an editor at 247wallst.com.

Analyst upgrades:

• Baird upgraded Optimer Pharm (NASDAQ: OPTR) to Outperform from Neutral and raised its target to $13 from $8 citing the decidedly positive data from the OPT-80 trial.
  
• Banc of America upgraded Quest Diagnostics (NYSE: DGX) to Buy from Neutral on valuation and believes management has set expectations well.
  
• Credit Suisse views Jacobs Engineering (NYSE: JEC) as a high quality name given the quality of management, execution track record, and relationship business model. Shares were upgraded to Outperform from Neutral.
• Horizon Lines (NYSE: HRZ) was upgraded to Overweight from Equal Weight at Stephens.
  
• Bancolombia SA (NYSE: CIB) was raised to Buy from Neutral.
  
• Great Lakes Dredge (NASDAQ: GLDD) was upgraded to Buy from Hold at Morgan Joseph.

Analyst downgrades:

Analyst upgrades:

• Merrill upgraded Kraft Foods (NYSE: KFT) to Buy from Neutral citing progress in the company's turnaround plan, execution, and 2009 earnings growth.
  
• Thomas Weisel raised Express Scripts (NASDAQ: ESRX) to Overweight from Market Weight and believes the company's core business remains strong and that valuation is attractive.
  
• Friedman Billings upgraded shares of Symantec (NASDAQ: SYMC) to Outperform from Market Perform on valuation after checks indicated the company should meet Q2 expectations.
• NeuStar (NSR) was upgraded to Outperform from Neutral at Baird.
  
• UBS raised Advance Auto Parts (NYSE: AAP) to Neutral from Sell.
  
• Goldman upgraded Royal Dutch Shell (NYSE: RDS.A) to Buy from Neutral.

Analyst downgrades:

• Friedman Billings downgraded shares of Zions Bancorp (NASDAQ: ZION) to Market Perform from Outperform and lowered its target to $33 from $43 following the company's Q3 results, as they believe near-term credit trends and concerns surrounding its securities portfolio will limit upside. Shares were also downgraded at JP Morgan to Neutral from Overweight due to deteriorating credit trends.
  
• Banc of America cut Monster (NASDAQ: MNST) to Neutral from Buy to reflect a lack of margin stability and their belief consensus estimates remain too high.
  
• Barclays downgraded Avis Budget Group (NYSE: CAR) to Equal Weight from Overweight citing the global economic slowdown and refinancing risk.
• Johnson Controls (NYSE: JCI), Luxottica (NYSE: LUX) and ArvinMeritor (NYSE: ARM) were cut to Neutral from Buy at Goldman.
  
• Luxottica was also downgraded at HSBC to Neutral from Overweight.
  
• JP Morgan cut AuthenTec (NASDAQ: AUTH) to Underweight from Neutral.

Analyst initiations:

• Janney Montgomery believes Gladstone Capital's (NASDAQ: GLAD) management team and lower portfolio investment risk profile warrant a premium valuation. The firm started shares with a Buy rating and $13 target.
• CommVault (NASDAQ: CVLT) was initiated with a Buy rating and $14 target at Cantor, as the firm finds the stock attractively valued given its secular growth rate potential.
  
• KeyBanc is positive on Papa John's (NASDAQ: PZZA) management team, growth potential, cost initiatives, and differentiation. Shares were assumed with a Buy rating and $30 target.
• Arris (NASDAQ: ARRS) was initiated at Jefferies with a Hold rating and $7 target.
  
• Rigel Pharmaceuticals (NASDAQ: RIGL) was initiated at Banc of America with a Neutral rating and $21 target.
  
• Morgan Stanley started Hansen Natural (NASDAQ: HANS) with an Equal Weight rating.

While Scotts Miracle Gro Co. (NYSE: SMG) Monday blamed a slow start to spring and recalls for a drop in second-quarter profits, Pilgrims Pride Corp. (NYSE: PPC) said its second-quarter loss widened due to rising feed costs and a restructuring charge. And analysts expect lower consumer spending on leisure travel and a drop in business travel to drag on Avis Budget Group Inc. (NYSE: CAR) first-quarter results when it reports on Tuesday.

Discounting charges, Marysville, Ohio-based Scotts reported it made $77.7 million, or $1.19 per share for the quarter ended March 29, two cents better than the forecast of analysts surveyed by Thomson Financial. Revenue fell 4% to $958 million. The company also warned that profits would likely fall below Wall Street forecasts for the year.

Pilgrim's Pride, the nation's largest chicken producer, lost $111.5 million, or $1.67 per share, in the three months ended March 29 compared with a loss of $40.1 million, or 60 cents per share, a year earlier. Revenue rose to $2.10 billion. Analysts had expected a loss of 81 cents per share on $2.09 billion in sales. The company said feed costs would probably push the company to another loss in the current quarter as well.

Analysts expect Parsippany, New Jersey-based Avis to break even on a per share basis, on $1.37 billion revenue. In last year's first quarter, the company posted profit of 12 cents per share. It's unclear how much of an effect the current economic conditions will have on Avis's full-year 2008 results, but in April, rival Hertz Global Holdings Inc. (NYSE: HTZ) managed to post an adjusted quarterly profit that beat Wall Street predictions.

Shares of Scotts ended the day up 1.2%, but fell nearly 12% in after-hours trading to $30.00. Pilgrim's Pride fell less than 1% during the day, then another 1.1% after hours to $23.59. Avis also continued its slide into after-hours trading, down to $13.49.

Troubled car maker Ford Motor (NYSE: F) today saw its stock fall to lows not seen since way back in 1986, as traders continue to express concerns over the company's ability to compete with its rival Toyota Motor (NYSE: TM).

Yesterday, Wall Street got the bad news that many of us had been expecting but hoped never to hear: for the first time since 1931, Ford lost its grip on the number two ranking for U.S. auto sales in 2007. The company showed a massive 12 percent drop for the year, and has been replaced by Toyota as the second best-selling auto maker in the United States. Shares have tumbled, hitting an intraday low of $6.00 a share, which is the lowest the stock has traded in more than 20 years.

Just how hard has the company's market value degraded over the past decade? Consider this... in 1998 the company boasted a $68 billion market value, compared with its current value of "only" $13 billion. This is definitely a tough time for the car maker which less than a decade ago was responsible for 25 percent of all new cars sold in the nation.

Despite a shaky economy where recession concerns gain ground each day, car demand is booming for at least one major auto maker. Car maker Honda anticipates that even in a recession, people will continue to need cars, and from this point of view, Honda anticipates its global sales will jump 6% this year to a record 3.76 million vehicles, helped by strong demand in the U.S., Europe and Asia.

According to Takeo Fukui, the automaker's president, Honda plans to invest in research for hybrids and other new technology in Japan to face "the competition in hybrids" which has just begun. Let's remember that Toyota has already made the Prius, which is currently the top-selling hybrid.

Honda intends to create a new hybrid model that runs on gas and electricity, and its sales are expected to reach 200,000 vehicles a year. The company's strategy will be based more on hybrid offerings as overall hybrid sales are estimated to bring about 10 percent of Honda's sales in the next four years.

Venture capital is flowing, engineers are chomping at the bit and layman sources claim that mechanical components of the Chevy Volt are already being road tested on the streets of Detroit. General Motors (NYSE: GM) is not letting anything get in the way of its plans to place a successful electric car on the streets of America and the world by 2010. A report by RedHerring outlines the broad and powerful collection of top tier companies which are coming together to help GM bring its mission to fruition.

Two new research projects targeted towards electric car development were recently announced by General Electric (NYSE: GE) and are specifically geared towards the needs of the Chevy Volt. GE has been asked to design high density electric capacitors and hybrid drive train components in pursuit of our first generation of truly plug-in electric cars. It would seem that GM, GE and the Department of Energy are not willing to settle for an automobile with simple hybrid status. The goal would appear to be full blown electric automobiles at a price within reach of the public. Once the car is built, add the current advances in solar technology and you'll have an automobile that can be charged from a solar powered battery array at home.

Although united in their stance against government dialog regarding Corporate Average Fuel Economy standards (CAFE), General Motors Corp.(NYSE: GM) and Toyota Motors (NYSE: TM) are squaring off in a head butting match over just exactly how the new vision for hybrid automobiles will take final form. A WSJ.com report (subscription required) briefly examines the differences between the two companies and their visions for target travel range for electric-only vehicles.

Toyota representatives indicate that their tolerance level for electric only travel range is settling into the 10 to 20 mile range while GM executives claim that their target range is closer to 40 miles. The debate seems to be taking place around lithium-ion batteries and the many questions which still remain as to the long term viability of that power source technology. Pointing to the alleged tendency for lithium-ion batteries to overheat, Toyota leadership appears unwilling to state that the technology is fully road ready. GM, for its part, is still investigating its battery options also.

GM executives are a bit perturbed at the apparent lack of media coverage regarding the fact that many of the vehicles which Toyota has leaned upon for its surge ahead of GM in total sales actually have mileage ratings below those of their General Motors counterparts. GM feels that Toyota is simply throwing up a smoke screen to the facts and is muddying the common waters in the pursuit of a viable electric vehicle. GM also seems to believe that Toyota is simply attempting to obscure the facts regarding actual over the road mileage performances of both companies.

We are still a long way from seeing effective electric vehicle deployment but all parties involved are to be commended for their efforts. There are an abundance of options and opportunities to be exploited now in the electric vehicle arena and given the steep increase in crude prices, those opportunities shall only become more lucrative. It is of major importance now that the big players refrain from corporate politics and simply stick to the business at hand.

In a recent survey jointly conducted by The British Council and a China daily, 84% of young Chinese want to purchase a car (despite the fact that 80% of them are concerned with global warning).

General Motors Corporation (NYSE: GM) hopes to capitalize on that 84%. Shanghai General Motors' joint venture with Shanghai Automotive have announced the creation of interest-free car loans, as they fight for additional market share in the competitive Chinese market. In the first six months of 2007, General Motor brands have lagged in China behind the sales increases for passenger vehicles. Sales for Shanghai GM were up 12%, while overall car sales in China climbed 26%.

The "Buick Elite Wealth-Management Program," as its called, will try to lure buyers into financing in a nation where many prefer to buy cars with cash. GM officials said they were unaware of the initiative before it was announced to the Chinese media, the Wall Street Journal reported.