It has been widely anticipated that the EU would bring new antitrust charges against Intel (NASDAQ: INTC). The FTC and other US authorities are chasing the largest chip company in the world for similar reasons. South Korea has already fined Intel for anti-competitive behavior.

The theory behind the charges is that Intel induced PC companies and their retailers to use its chips and not those from rival AMD (NYSE: AMD). According to The Wall Street Journal, "The European Union launched new antitrust charges against Intel Corp., saying the chip giant paid rebates to a major retailer to encourage it not to carry computers using chips from smaller rival Advanced Micro Devices Inc ."

If the charges are true, it shows the extent to which a company of real size, like Intel, can be its own worst enemy. Microsoft (NASDAQ: MSFT) ran into similar problems a decade ago for being too aggressive killing off competition in the browser and media player markets.

The irony of Intel's legal bind is that it almost certainly did not need to pressure or give incentives to keep AMD in a distant second place. It had the balance sheet to keep margin pressure on AMD and the engineering prowess to offer better chips.

Arrogance and carelessness often go with being in first place. This time it appears that it has caught up to Intel.

Douglas A. McIntyre is an editor at 247wallst.com.

OPEC again lowered its forecast for 2008 global oil demand growth, adding that the economic slowdown affecting the United States and other industrialized nations is likely to lower demand growth in 2009 as well, the group announced (pdf).

OPEC lowered its 2008 forecast to 1.20% global oil demand growth, down from 1.28%. It was OPEC's fourth downward revision for oil demand this year. The new price structure and slower global economy "have helped dampen oil demand growth in many regions," the cartel said in its July report.

OPEC, which accounts for about 40% of the global oil supply, now expects 2008 demand to rise by 1.03 million barrels per day, or 70,000 barrels per day less than the group's previous forecast.

On Tuesday, oil plunged $6.44 to $138.74 per barrel -- its biggest decline, in percentage terms, since March 2008 -- following Tuesday morning testimony by U.S. Federal Reserve Chairman Ben Bernanke, during which the Fed chair said credit market write-downs were likely to slow the already anemic U.S. economy even more, Bloomberg News reported Tuesday. Economist Glen Langan told BloggingStocks OPEC's revised forecast is likely to represent another data point the oil bears will like.

Oil price key: Emerging markets

"It's like that wave approaching the shoreline that you see in the distance and don't think is big, and then it's 100 feet in front of you and you realize it is."

That's how London-based economist Mark Chandler described Europe's perspective on the potential 'latest wave' of the housing crisis -- the research report by Lehman Brothers (NYSE: LEH) that Fannie Mae (NYSE: FNM) and Freddie Mac (NYSE: FRE) may have to raise up to $46 billion and $29 billion in additional capital, Bloomberg News reported.

Europe is concerned that the pair's announcement "signals another round of write-downs here in England and Europe as well as in America" Chandler told BloggingStocks Tuesday, with negative consequences for the stock market, and, equally significant, for business and consumer confidence, he said.

Europe's major stock markets decline

Indeed, Europe's major stock markets did not react favorably Tuesday to the Lehman report. London's FTSE fell 66.70 points to 5446.00, Germany's DAX declined 104.49.35 to 6,291.71, and France's CAC 40 fell 78.22 to 4,263.37 in Tuesday afternoon trading.

Oil fell more than $5 to about $140 per barrel Monday morning after Iran's foreign minister expressed confidence in talks with western governments regarding the nation's nuclear program, Bloomberg News reported.

Iran's foreign minister Manouchehr Mottaki told CNN talks are "in a new environment" and "new approaches" are possible.

A rising dollar Monday morning also helped push oil lower. The dollar strengthened against the euro and the British pound on expectation G-8 industrial leaders will verbally support the dollar at an upcoming economic summit in Japan.

Oil fell $5.14 to $140.15 per barrel Monday morning before recovering slightly to $141.30. The other major energy commodities also plunged in early Monday trading. Heating oil plummeted 13 cents to $3.97 per gallon, unleaded gasoline fell about 10 cents to $3.47 per gallon, and natural gas plunged 42 cents to $13.16 per million BTUs.

Economist Glen Langan, who argues that fundamentals (primarily rising demand) are the major factors determining oil's price, said legitimate progress on the Iran uranium enrichment issue would ease traders' concerns about Iran's supply. "Iran is still OPEC's No. 2 producer and a major exporter of oil, so lasting good news with regard to Iran will ease traders minds about tensions in and near the Persian Gulf. That will take some pressure off prices," Langan said. About 20% of the world's oil flows through the Persian Gulf and the Strait of Hormuz.

OPEC President Chalib Khelil predicted that oil will rise $170 per barrel by the end of 2008, due to the weak dollar and geopolitical tensions, Bloomberg News reported.

Khelil said that as "the dollar continues to weaken against the euro," it will push oil to the aforementioned level and that political pressure on Iran is boosting the price as well.

Oil rose $3.46 to a record $143.67 per barrel Monday morning before drifting back slightly to $142.67 on concern the dispute over Iran's nuclear program may disrupt supply from that OPEC nation, energy trader Jim Dietz said. Iran is OPEC's second largest producer.

Meanwhile, the dollar was virtually unchanged against the euro at $1.5739 in early Monday trading.

European business confidence declined more than forecast, the European Commission announced Friday -- an indication slowing euro-zone economy and rising inflation are beginning to lower business executives' expectations for the immediate quarters ahead.

The EC's sentiment index fell to 94.9 in May from 97.6 in April. It was the index's lowest reading since May 2005, Bloomberg News reported Friday.

Europe's major stock markets closed mixed Friday on the news. London's FTSE gained 11.70 points to 5529.90, Germany's DAX decline 37.69 to 6,421.91, and France's CAC 40 dropped 28.87 to 4,397.32.

Europe's execs: in defensive mode

London-based economist Mark Chandler told BloggingStocks that the slowdown in the United States, record oil prices, and rising inflation on the continent have but many of Europe's executives in defensive mode.

"Maybe the biggest concern is the impact of the slowdown in America and its affect on trade. Executives here are really concerned about a possible deeper U.S. recession dragging Europe lower. Their concern is well-rooted, because there's just not enough Asia demand to compensate," Chandler said. "Oil prices hitting $140 are another negative. It's not going to hurt the U.K. as much, but Europe could really be hurt by consumers cutting back spending on retail goods.

MAJOR PAPERS:

• The Wall Street Journal reported that is is not yet certain whether Merrill Lynch & Co Inc (NYSE: MER) will need to raise money. If it does, selling common stock could be expensive due to a 12-month protection the bank offered the investors that bought $12B in common and preferred shares earlier this year and selling assets like its interest in Bloomberg may present a different problem.
• The Wall Street Journal also reported that investigators from the European Union are probing deeper into the pharmaceutical industry in an effort to determine whether drug companies have used unfair tactics to increase prices and block competition. Investigators have reportedly ask for views on direct-to-pharmacy distribution channels, which Pfizer Inc (NYSE: PFE) and AstraZeneca Plc (NYSE: AZN) recently established in Britain.
• After Anheuser-Busch Companies Inc (NYSE: BUD) said it would reject InBev's $46B bid as "financially inadequate," InBev said it would launch a hostile bid. According to court documents, the Financial Times reported that InBev is preparing to launch a proxy battle seeking the removal of Anheuser's entire board.
• The Financial Times also reported that soaring energy prices are forcing U.S. consumer goods company The Procter & Gamble Company (NYSE: PG) to rethink how it distributes products. The company may consider shifting manufacturing sites closer to consumers in order to lower its transport bill.

OPEC said Tuesday it won't match member Saudi Arabia's 200,000 barrel per day production boost, because in the cartel's estimation there's no need to increase output, The Associated Press reported Tuesday.

OPEC President Chakib Khelil said there's no need to increase supply, citing factors outside of OPEC's control, including the weak U.S. dollar and U.S. pressure on Iran, for high oil prices. Khelil also blamed the U.S. mortgage crisis and speculators for driving oil prices higher.

The United States and the European Union want Iran to end uranium enrichment, a technology which would give Iran the materials needed to produce a nuclear bomb. Iran says it wants the nuclear technology solely to produce energy. If one discounts oil sands, Iran, also a member of OPEC, has the world's second largest proved oil reserves, after Saudi Arabia.

Khelil's comments had little impact on the oil market Tuesday. Oil closed down 19 cents to $136.55 in a session devoid of major price moves -- a rarity for the oil markets in the past two years.

Oil: A record year

German Chancellor Angela Merkel said continental Europe should take the lead in financial market reform because the "Anglo-Saxon" model of regulation had failed, The Financial Times reported Wednesday.

Merkel, speaking before her meeting with U.S. President Bush and ahead of next month's G-8 leading industrialized nations economic summit, called for a European credit ratings agency to counter-balance Moody's and Standard & Poor's (NYSE: MHP), adding that despite the progress Europe has made with the euro, the financial regulatory framework is still "a strongly Anglo-Saxon dominated system."

Reforms sought by Berlin will include a ban on agency ratings for products they helped to create, new capital adequacy ratios for banks, and the prevention of bank sale of products they don't understand.

London-based economist Mark Chandler told BloggingStocks Wednesday he agrees with Merkel on the need for both financial market reform and a Europe-based counterweight to complement the largely U.S.-based regulatory framework, but is slightly surprised by Merkel's rhetoric.

Advanced Micro Devices (NYSE: AMD) shares opened in the green this morning but have dropped as the day moved on after rumors surfaced that the EU was planning to take action against competitor Intel (NASDAQ: INTC). AMD headed back down after the EU denied that it has yet reached a decision in the matter. If you think this stock won't be rising too far in the coming months, then it could be a good time to look at a bearish hedged play on AMD.

After hitting a one-year high of $16.19 in July, the stock hit a one-year low of $5.31 in January. This morning, AMD opened at 7.01. So far today the stock has hit a low of $6.77 and a high of $7.07. As of 12:45, AMD is trading at $6.80, down $0.12 (-1.7%). The chart for AMD looks bullish and steady, while S&P gives the stock a neutral 3 STARS (out of 5) hold rating.

For a bearish hedged play on this stock, I would consider an October bear-call credit spread above the $9 range. A bear-call credit spread is an options position that combines the purchase and sale of call options to hedge risk in case the stock doesn't do what you think but still leverage nice returns. For this particular trade, we will make an 11.1% return in five months as long as AMD is below $9 at October expiration. AMD would have to rise by more than 32% before we would start to lose money. Learn more about this type of trade here.

Europe's economy grew more than forecast in Q1 2008, the European Union's statistics office announced Thursday, as Germany's economy continues to bolster the continent's results.

Euro-zone GDP increased 0.7% in Q4 2008, 0.2 percentage points above the Bloomberg News survey consensus estimate.

Germany served as the primary economic engine, recording 1.5% in the quarter – its fastest growth in 12 years, Bloomberg News reported Thursday. Meanwhile, France registered 0.6% GDP growth. Together, Germany and France account for about 50% of the euro-zone's GDP.

On a year-over-year basis, euro-zone GDP increased 2.2% in the 15-nation group. Growth in the 27-nation European Union increased 2.4%.

However, despite the upside GDP surprise from both the euro-zone and Germany, key economic officials downplayed the results. European Central Bank President Jean-Claude Trichet told Reuters the news, while positive, simply confirmed what he had expected – that Q1 2008 would be good and the ensuing period slower.

A hint by Trichet?

Economist David H. Wang told BloggingStocks Thursday there could be a glimmer of hope for those who favor an interest rate reduction by the ECB. It was unusual for the ECB's Trichet to reference slower growth after the release of a GDP report, he said. Trichet, an inflation hawk, regularly speaks of Europe's industrial capacity and price pressures in the context of GDP, Wang said.

"I don't know if this was a hint, or perhaps a mini-hint, regarding monetary policy," Wang said. The currency market shrugged-off Trichet's comments, with both the euro and British pound remaining at essentially the same levels they were earlier in the day versus the dollar, at $1.5440 and $1.9445, respectively.

As serious as the oil issue is in the United States, the west, and globally, considering its impact on economic development, circumstances could become even more challenging, in the quarters ahead, if present trends continue.

That's because, due to emerging market growth and per capita energy consumption rates in the United States - the oil -producing world "could be in a position of unprecedented pricing power," according to economist Glen Langan.

Langan says "could be" because the pricing power oil producers currently have, while significant, is not absolute. And oil-consuming nations still have time to regain some control over their oil bills. Oil Thursday reached a record high of $123.74 per barrel before closing slightly lower.

Here's the current global oil supply / demand landscape, as Langan sees it: daily global oil supply exceeds demand by the smallest of margins. It's the major reason the price of oil has been trending up for more than 5 years, but oil-consuming nations can increase that margin, via conservation, increased efficiency, and alternative sources of energy.

Europe's economic growth will slow for a third straight year in 2009, to 1.5%, as higher inflation on the continent cuts into consumers' disposable income, the European Commission announced Monday.

The projection, provided in the EC's spring economic forecast, is 0.6 percentage points lower than the 2.1% 2009 GDP forecast projected in November 2007, and below the 1.7% growth rate anticipated for 2008.

Further the EC expects euro-zone inflation to increase to 3.2% this year, up from 2.6% in 2007, and then decline to 2.2% 2009.

Moreover, it's that higher, projected inflation for 2008 that in part led to the EC's more-modest growth expectations for 2009: the EC does not expect the European Central Bank to lower interest rates in the near future, as it attempts to reign-in rising inflation.

Europe's inflation rises

Higher oil, grain, and other commodity prices have amped-up inflation in both the United States and the European Union. However, the end of the housing boom in the U.S. economy has also substantially slowed the world's largest economy to near-recession levels, while Europe, with fewer housing-related problems to-date, has managed to maintain a modest growth level.

Margin call. Forced sale (liquidation). Stock / asset price decline. Cascading sales. Margin call. Forced sale (liquidation). Stock / asset price decline. Cascading sales. Margin call.

Concerned that current financial market and economic conditions might produce the above - - the dreaded financial vicious cycle? (It's also known as the financial decelerator.)

So is the International Monetary Fund, which is why the organization took the highly unusual step of recommending that governments should be prepared to use public funds to support struggling global credit and financial markets.

Intel (NASDAQ: INTC) is finally making its case to European Union authorities, saying its practices in the region were not anti-competitive. It may be a hard sell.

The extent to which Intel has beaten rival AMD (NYSE: AMD) does not look good on paper. Intel has nearly 80% of the global chip market for PCs and servers. According to The Wall Street Journal: "The EU filed preliminary charges against Intel in July, alleging the company offered rebates to customers only if they didn't use AMD products; paid customers to delay the launch of AMD-based products; and sold its chips below cost to undercut AMD."

If Intel loses the case, it could face major fines and sanctions just as Microsoft (NASDAQ: MSFT) did recently when the EU ruled that its activity violated anti-trust laws.

There may be more riding on the outcome of the hearing for AMD than for Intel. The larger company can afford fines and probably live with some restrictions in the region. AMD may need chain on Intel to turn itself around. The company has over $5 billion in debt and recently took a huge write-off for the falling value of its purchase of graphic chip company ATI. The company's shares are down from over $36 less than two years ago to just above $6.

AMD may not be able to compete in an open marketplace. The courts may be its only refuge.

Douglas A. McIntyre is an editor at 247wallst.com.