We've watched stock market numbers bounce around for two years. Unemployment stats have served as unpleasant reminders that, for some, leading indicators haven't translated to reality. We look for so many ways to understand the brutal economic environment with which we've had to contend, and all the choices can make your head spin. So, let's make it simple. Here are eight ways to tack a label onto the financial world in which we live.

1. Lost market value
Total stock market losses from October 2007's top to March 2009's bottom: $11.2 trillion
Total gains in the stock market since the bottom: $4.6 trillion
Lost ground: $6.6 trillion

2. Bad days
Percentage of the 10 worst days in history for the Dow Jones Industrial Average that happened in 2008, by point drops: 60%
Percentage of the 10 worst days in history for the DJIA that happened in 2008, by percentage drops: 30%

3. Mutual funds
Value of mutual fund assets at the end of 2007: $6.5 trillion
... and a year later: $3.7 million
Lost value: $2.8 trillion

But, it got a little better at the end of August 2009: $4.5 trillion (value of assets)

Late Tuesday -- on the one-year anniversary of its bankruptcy filing -- Lehman Brothers accused Barclays Capital (NYSE: BCS) of taking $8.2 billion more than it should have when it purchased some of its key assets a year ago. Less than a week after Lehman filed for bankruptcy, the court approved of the sale to Barclays. Now Lehman is asking a judge to force Barclays to return some of the money taken as part of the deal, including $5 billion it says was given as extra collateral, which was not disclosed to the court.

Interesting timing and an interesting claim, don't you think? The timing is interesting because it is a year after the bankruptcy filing, which sounds like more than just a coincidence. But what is truly interesting is the fact that Lehman is trying to get quite a bit of money back by making a claim that was not disclosed to the court.

With all the focus on unemployment, the usual recession victims have been overlooked a bit. The over-65 crowd, living on fixed incomes, has seen portfolios decimated and those consistent dividends from blue chippers evaporate. At the same time, medical costs are headed in the other direction. Expenses up and income down, seniors have found only one solution: credit cards.

Low- and middle-income consumers who've reached or passed age 65 had $10,235 in credit card debt, on average, last year, up a disturbing 26% from 2005. Meanwhile, credit card debt climbed only 3% across all age groups – to $9,827. From the fourth quarter of last year to the first this year, total revolving debt fell a modest 2.3% to $939.6 billion.

After yesterday's closing bell, Capital One Financial (NYSE: COF) reported a second-quarter loss of 65 cents per share. The quarterly loss included $461.7 million COF repaid to TARP and a $38 million dividend payment. Excluding these payments, COF saw a quarterly profit of 53 cents per share. The Street expected COF to lose 73 cents per share, so the company managed to top expectations. Nevertheless, the company noted that its results were pulled lower by credit card losses along with the repayment of the government funds.

COF managed to make money excluding items, but a loss is still a loss. While the company noted that people have been a bit more defensive in their spending, I'm guessing that this may change. Remember that unemployment is at record highs, which may lead to more people to depend on credit cards (if they have them) to pay for necessities.

AMR Corporation (NYSE: AMR) got spanked in the second quarter, as frequent fliers kept their feet on the ground. The American Airlines parent posted a $390 million loss in a quarter that historically has been kind to travel companies. AMR rationalizes the results with the thought that the loss would have been only $319 million ($1.14 per share) if charges related to selling and grounding planes were excluded. This would have put the airline ahead of analyst expectations of a $1.28 per share loss. AMR's Q2 revenue fell 21% to $4.89 billion.

And, it's far better than the airline's performance in the second quarter of 2008.

According to the National Retail Federation (NRF), the back-to-school shopping period isn't expected to be strong enough to help retailers. During the past five years, this shopping period has increased; but the NRF has forecast a drop of 7.5% to $47.5 billion this year.

This isn't just a slight drop, a 7.5% drop in sales is rather staggering. In fact, roughly half of the shoppers questioned plan on spending less this year when searching for goodies to take back to school. Ken Perkins of Retail Metrics notes that this isn't just a problem for retailers during the upcoming shopping season, weak back-to-school sales is "likely a harbinger of another difficult holiday shopping season."

First of all, let's look at what hedging really is. Take, for example, a farmer who grows corn. He knows that his cost for growing corn is, say, $3.00 per bushel. But he doesn't know what price the price of bushel of corn will be come harvest time. He looks at the September futures contract for corn and sees that the price is $3.30 per bushel.

To guarantee that he will get $3.30 at harvest time, he sells September corn contracts equal to his crop (each corn contract equals 5,000 bushels). When harvest time comes he delivers his corn to the appropriate delivery point designated by the Chicago Board of Trade exchange (CBOT) where the contracts are traded. It should be noted that if the price of the futures contract goes above $3.30 per bushel, the farmer may be called for margin money until he makes delivery, at which time his account is settled out.

There are two competing positions on consumer sentiment right now. One is that it turned south last week, as people worried about their jobs – always a bad sign for spending. The other is that consumer sentiment didn't crap out in July: it fizzled in May. So, it's not a question of whether consumers aren't confident in the U.S. economic machine, it's just a matter of when the collective mood changed.

The July camp is set up around the Reuters/University of Michigan Surveys of Consumers, which makes now the weakest point for consumer sentiment since March. Those who favor May look to domestic demand for foreign goods, which went soft two months ago, bringing the monthly trade deficit to its narrowest since 1999. The U.S. trade gap unexpectedly tightened to $26 billion in May, with exports up 1.6% and imports down 0.6%, according to the U.S. Department of Commerce.

This morning, Citigroup (NYSE: C) began its $58-billion stock swap, a move that could leave the government with a 34% stake in the bank. The country's third-largest bank plans to swap common stock for (up to) $33 billion in preferred shares and convert as much as $25 billion of preferred shares held by the U.S. Treasury into common stock.

The bank believes that the swap could (emphasis on could here) make Citigroup one of the world's best-capitalized banks. The action could add up to $61 billion of tangible common equity and $64 billion of Tier-1 common equity. Citigroup had planned to take this action back in April.

TheStreet.com's Jim Cramer says it's not too much to ask that banks have enough money to loan to customers and to pay back TARP.

Bankers who complain about having to raise more money to pay back the Troubled Asset Relief Program ought to be real careful here about their insistence that the rules have been changed.

Never did Treasury say, "If you raise this money, you can pay TARP back." What it did say was, "If you raise this money, you can stay in business."

Given that most of the banks that raised the $85 billion probably could have gone by the wayside, I don't think there's all that much to be said about the government demanding that the banks have enough money on hand to loan to customers and to pay back TARP. Is that really too high a price to pay?

$12.8 trillion of our money is going to bail out the bad bets of bankers, auto execs, and ordinary folks who took on mortgages they couldn't repay over the last 20 months. If you're among the 90% of the country that's been playing by the rules all these years, you may be wondering why that $12.8 trillion should come out of your pocket. After all, doesn't free markets mean that bettors get the pot when they win and pay the piper when they lose?

The "good" news is that of that $12.8 trillion, only a third -- or $4.2 trillion -- has actually been committed to a total of 34 distinct programs. The remaining $8.6 trillion is the limit of how much has been approved. And of that $12.8 trillion, 61% is under the control of the Fed in 20 programs, 16% is in the hands of the FDIC in 5 programs, another 21% will be spent by the Treasury in eight programs and the remaining two percent is being doled out by the Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) in one program.

These days, investors are bombarded by variety of stimuli about the financial crisis and the state of the U.S. economy, and not all of it is useful. In fact, some of it can be downright harmful -- leading to imprudent decisions, needless shifts in asset classes, and other financial mistakes.

Hence, perhaps more than ever these days, investors need to be able to separate 'the wheat from the chaff.'

TheStreet.com's Jim Cramer says everything depends upon these financial programs.

Maybe Sheila Bair doesn't matter at all. Maybe nothing matters. The chatter behind the scenes everywhere is, "Just let it happen, it can't be any worse than this."

I say, are you kidding me? Do you know that our whole country would simply stop if we didn't have these programs and these government promises?

Think of it like this: If you have models that show 10% unemployment and you offer credit cards, your model says don't offer them. But if the government didn't guilt-trip these companies into offering them, you couldn't get one.

Imagine this: You live in Castelfranco Emilia, a small town in northern Italy, and you want a loan for $9,000. So you walk into the bank and the manager says: "OK, how many wheels of Parmesan cheese do you have for collateral?" You answer, "I have three wheels." (Each wheel is worth $3,000.) "Fine, we'll take your three wheels as collateral for your loan," he says and draws up the contract.

Meanwhile, you take your three wheels to the warehouse for inspection. All cheese must be aged for at least one year. Cheese that does not meet the strict standards at the warehouse is downgraded and the price reduced. After the inspection is completed, the bank manager gives you a check for $9,000.

Found an interesting article from Reuters, noting that investors specializing in distressed debt and bankruptcy believe that our current recession will "last at least three years and possibly longer absent a revival in credit markets." Michael Psaros, managing partner at KPS Capital Partners told Reuters, "This is going to be a three- to four-year disaster," and used the term "Great Recession" when discussing the current crisis.