We have heard a lot of news over the past 12 months about the slowing economy and the effect it is having on major American automakers like Ford Motor (NYSE: F) and General Motors (NYSE: GM), but how are some smaller overseas automakers performing? As you may have guessed, the pain is not solely being felt by American automakers, and several European automakers are taking some measures to offset the slowdown.

PSA Peugeot Citroen SA, France's biggest carmaker, warned it expects a decline of 4% for West European sales this year, while Fiat SpA, Italy's biggest automaker, announced it plans to shut Italian plants on concerns about soaring record oil prices and increased inflation.

Hurt by declining consumer spending, Fiat saw its sales plunging 16.5% in June. But this was not the worst and Peugeot warned about "an even greater slowdown" for European demand in the second half of the year. "The rest of the year is going to be a disaster for European manufacturers,'' Stephen Pope, London-based chief global market strategist at Cantor Fitzgerald Europe, stated in a report on Bloomberg.

General Motors (NYSE: GM) may be faced with cutting thousand of white-collar jobs and selling or closing some of its brands. According to The Wall Street Journal, "Management may also present the board with options for raising additional cash to help GM make it through the downturn."

All of these plans, except raising money, may be a little late for shareholders. GM's stock has dropped over 75% from its 52-week high and now trades just above $10. Changing over from a product mix that is heavy in trucks to one that emphasizes light sedans with good gas mileage could take the better part of a couple of years. While GM may make money outside the U.S., that does not offset huge losses in its home market.

GM was caught flat-footed when oil prices spiked up. That might be forgiven, if competitors like Honda (NYSE: HMC) had not made certain that they had large numbers of fuel-efficient vehicles in their product mix. GM must now attack a market that is already occupied by successful competition.

With a $6 billion market cap, if GM has to raise $10 billion, the stock price is going way, way down.

Douglas A. McIntyre is an editor at 247wallst.com.

I was actually in Detroit on Monday. I'm not going to write about the urban decay and the deterioration of the city. Many have researched and documented this far better than I ever could. But even in my short three-hour visit, the evidence was all too clear. Personally, I think Detroit has more character than many other richer and far more maintained and manicured cities. Even abandoned and in shambles, many of the buildings are architectural gems. Perhaps because one can still see the glorious past through the ruins, that it is so affecting. Or, as the website names them, they are The Fabulous Ruins of Detroit.

It is for this reason that the recent talk of bankruptcy for one of the Big Three has been so disturbing.

This week has been very busy for automakers, starting with June car and truck sales reported on Tuesday. General Motors Corporation (NYSE: GM) reported an 18.2% drop in sales, which was actually better than expected, and Ford Motor Company (NYSE: F) a drop of 27.9%. Meanwhile, Japan's Toyota Motor Corporation (NYSE: TM) posted a 21.4% sales decline. GM shares actually got a boost from the sales figures, but that didn't last long.

It probably should come as no surprise, but June was a tough month for automakers, and all signs are pointing to more troubles out on the horizon.

All but one major automaker saw their sales drop last month, with Honda Motor (NYSE: HMC) being the sole exception. For the month, Honda actually had a 1% year-over-year sales growth, which given the current market place was an exceptional feat.

So just how bad was June for the automakers? Pretty bad. During the month, combined auto sales fell to 1.19 million vehicles sold, a 266,000 decline from the same period last year. This just continues the trend that we have been seeing all year, amounting to roughly a 10% sales decline during the first half of the year.

Six months of 2008 are now behind us and the stock market has not been a friendly place to most investors. Stability that was once found in household names that were industry giants is gone, and they have now been brought to their knees.

Many of them were the stocks we might have looked to in the past for stability, so you can be sure I put forward my five candidates with a little trepidation, but forward I go anyway. First a little review is in order.

Citigroup Inc. (NYSE: C) dropped from around $53 per share last year to around $30 in January and we can buy it today for around $17. Even at that price Goldman Sachs (NYSE: GS) has downgraded it to a sell and thinks there is more bad news to come. Citigroup was the largest bank in the world. Not any more.

General Motors (NYSE: GM) was the largest car maker in the world. That was before the stock tumbled from $43 to its current $11 range. A crushing blow to long time investors hoping that someone in the company could stop the ship from sinking.

It was only last week that Goldman Sachs (NYSE: GS) caused havoc in the stock market (or at least lead the charge) downgrading Citigroup Inc.(NYSE: C), and General Motors (NYSE: GM) among others, but now they have started to express concern that some of the defense sector stocks may be vulnerable to the next president's ax.

Bloomberg is reporting that last month Goldman Sachs was issuing warnings to their clients about the fact that Barack Obama and John McCain both may seek to reduce or end big ticket defense purchases such as Lockheed Martin (NYSE: LMT) F-22 fighter and the Army's $159 billion Future Combat Systems, a modernization plan jointly managed by Boeing Co (NYSE: BA) and SAIC Inc.

It was only a few weeks ago I posted Chasing Value: General Dynamics & Raytheon: The defense does not rest and things continued to look bright until a few days later, perhaps after the GS behind the scenes warning started to have an impact on the market that the sector took a mysterious swoon -- now I know why.

If Goldman Sachs, one of the few investment houses with any credibility left, makes a move everyone else seems to want to get out of the way.

I have viewed the defense sector favorably this year and will not abandon ship because GS is getting cold feet. They have been rather negative on everything lately and I do not think the (stock) world is coming to an end.

The Bloomberg article notes that while some programs will be cut others will be added. It is all a guessing game as either presidential candidate will want to review the entirety of defense expenditures in a new administration.

Sheldon Liber is the CEO of a small private investment company and the principal for design and research at an architecture & planning firm. He writes the columns Chasing Value and Serious Money. Disclosure: I own shares of GD.

Minyanville Professor Adam Warner dares to share the kind of keen insight and actionable information you won't find in any prospectus. For more original thought, visit www.minyanville.com.

According to BusinessWeek, a senior General Motors Corp. (NYSE: GM) recently tossed an idea to the troubled automaker: Consider a merger with rival Ford Motor Co. (NYSE: F).

The idea, which the magazine says was shot down at a GM meeting, underscores the problems facing the two American auto icons as consumers pinched by high gas prices dump their SUVs and pick-up trucks in favor of smaller cars. The swiftness of that transition caught just about every auto manufacturer off guard, although Toyota Motor Corp. (NYSE: TM) was better prepared with its lineup of smaller, more fuel-efficient vehicles.

A possible deal would be a large distraction into both companies while doubling the amount of problems a combined auto colossus would face. A long-term combination may have indeed proved quite fruitful, but are both companies seriously ready to have their empires combined? Maybe in 2013, okay?

Financially, if the deal makes sense for the long term, look for this rumor to surface again in the near future. Combining the incredibly high overhead and capability to weather fickle customer preferences in vehicles would never be a bad thing. right now, the timing is bad -- but it could be better in reach of five years. Is the U.S. ready for a single, publicly-held American auto manufacturer? I'm not sure, and there would be mountains of convincing to do if a merger ever comes up again. My bet is it will.

Ford (NYSE: F) shares are falling today after Goldman Sachs cut his price target on the stock to $5 from $8. The broker maintained a "neutral" rating on Ford, but moved General Motors (NYSE: GM) to a sell. If you think this stock won't be rising too far in the coming months, then it could be a good time to look at a bearish hedged play on Ford.

After hitting a one-year high of $9.70 last June, the stock hit a one-year low of $4.95 in March. This morning, F opened at $5.07. So far today the stock has hit a low of $4.94 and a high of $5.16. As of 12:30, F is trading at $5.03, down $0.22 (-4.2%). The chart for F looks bearish and steady, while S&P gives the stock a neutral 3 STARS (out of 5) hold rating.

For a bearish hedged play on this stock, I would consider a September bear-call credit spread above the $6 range. A bear-call credit spread is an options position that combines the purchase and sale of call options to hedge risk in case the stock doesn't do what you think but still leverage nice returns. For this particular trade, we will make a 9.9% return in three months as long as F is below $6 at September expiration. Ford would have to rise by more than 20% before we would start to lose money. Learn more about this type of trade here.

It was only yesterday that I posted Serious Money: GM, GE, Gee Wiz!, concerned that Barron's was betting on the wrong horse (which happens all too often -- see Sunday Funnies: Big Brown a sure thing at Belmont) as it pumped up General Motors (NYSE: GM) in a cover story two weeks ago.

GM stock closed yesterday at $12.81 but today traded down to a new 52-week low of $11.21; as of 1:15, it is at $11.51, down nearly 10%.

GM is trading at a 30 year low. "Today's drop came after a Goldman Sachs analyst cut his rating for GM to "Sell" from "Neutral" and his price target to $11 from $16, saying things could still get worse for the North American automotive industry as a whole."

I wonder if he read my post yesterday . . . probably not. I am not a big fan of analysts as a group but this did not take a crystal ball. Barron's should do a follow-up story explaining how their crystal ball got so fogged up.

General Motors (NYSE: GM) was recently trading at $11.80 in pre-open trading, below its close of $12.81.

Goldman lowered its rating on GM to Sell from Neutral. Goldman Sachs says: "We expect GM shares to continue to underperform as market fundamentals deteriorate which exacerbates liquidity concerns."

GM July option implied volatility of 80 is above its 26-week average of 60 according to Track Data, suggesting larger price fluctuations.

Option Update is provided by Stock Specialist Paul Foster of theflyonthewall.com

A recent Barron's had a cover story featuring General Motors (NYSE: GM) which I have been pondering for a while. Somehow the story did not get me all that excited despite the boldness of the headline reading "BUY GM."

More attuned to the words that followed -- "GM is a risky bet" -- I wondered why they would not feature something with possibly equal potential and far less risk. If you read the journal cover to cover, you might have taken note of the fact that there were two articles highlighting General Electric (NYSE: GE).

In the first, Michael Santoli extols the virtues of owning GE compared to a 10 year Treasury note which offers security but no upside potential. He mentions the high yield, low P/E, strong businesses and the fact that current CEO Jeffrey Immelt bought shares in the open market for $3.5 million.

Well, I can't predict when the market will turn, or when Toyota's (NYSE: TM) stock will once again be in favor, but I can tell you that I won't be buying its shares here. According to this article, Toyota may not do as well as it planned in terms of sales in 2008 in the U.S. market. The company told investors that year-over-year growth in the number of cars sold is now in question. In 2007, Toyota moved 2.62 million automobiles in the U.S., and for 2008, Toyota wanted to sell 2.64 million cars.

I probably don't need to say it, but I will: considering the negative trends in oil futures, gas prices, consumer confidence, inflation, recession potential, and the housing industry, the fact that the stocks of Toyota, General Motors (NYSE: GM), and Ford (NYSE: F) are having a really tough time right now is not surprising. Toyota's stock closed down 2% on the news of the sales struggle at the end of Tuesday's trading session. That's not a particularly horrible downward move, and the stock is still a few bucks above its 52-week low, but I think there's a chance the stock will take out that low at some point.

Investing in the auto industry might be a dicey move here. Sure, you could pick up some bounces, but being early in this space could prove depressing for even the heartiest investor. Auto sales might get worse before they get better (they're pretty bad now as it is), so I'll stay away from Toyota and this sector.

Disclosure: I don't own any company mentioned here; positions can change at any time.

With sales of new vehicles continuing to wane in the U.S., what can a car dealer do to entice customers onto those bright and shiny car lots? How about install a "scent-pumping" box that spews that new car smell into the service area in hope of recruiting the olfactory senses of browsing customers?

Take that and the fact that some Chevy dealers are installing flat-screen TVs, providing free wireless internet service and having a full coffee bar available, and the service department at your local General Motors Corp. (NYSE: GM) sounds like it is becoming Starbucks Corp. (NASDAQ: SBUX) or something. But, like most goofy marketing moves, the public loves it. A Chevy dealer in Pittsburgh, Pa. has seen service business increase 10% since adding all the amenities along with using new, bright colors and having repainted and sealed the floors. In other words, don't let the service department area look like one, but more like a high-end hotel lobby bar.

And this isn't just a fad; it's estimated that many auto dealers make increased profits from service (as in, half the profit), with the other half coming from used and new vehicle sales. When sales are lacking (such as truck and SUV sales), you have to make it up somewhere, right? Service just may be the key to getting many dealers out of a hole. Remember, new trucks and SUVs are among the most profitable; smaller, gas efficient cars are among the least profitable. That future profit needs to be made elsewhere -- and that area is service and routine maintenance.

When Toyota Motor Corp. (NYSE: TM) announced that is had sold its one-millionth Prius hybrid car, environmentalists worldwide stood up and cheered. After all, it was Japanese foresight that saw the need for 45-MPG cars more than just a few years ago and all it took for the sales to take off was the onslaught of $4/gallon gas. But as this National Labor Committee analysis explains, is Toyota the touchy-feely auto manufacturer that it seems to be? In a word, no.

The push to get products to the market as fast as possible (hopefully, the "right" products) has turned Toyota into a labor-abusing monolith of corporate greed, according to the article. While General Motors Corp. (NYSE: GM) pays its workers very well from a labor standpoint and gives the labor force a large voice, Toyota's workers are overworked, underpaid and abused in other ways. Is there a good, middle ground? The appetite of U.S. consumers to purchase more fuel-efficient cars -- something Detroit is still unprepared for in many ways -- is giving Toyota unprecedented levels of new business. All this business is creating demand, and in turn, Toyota must form a method to get those products out the door. According to the NLC, turning the screws on human labor rights is the key to all this.

Is it really the "race to the bottom?" As in, the bottom of the price barrel where "worst practices" are adopted as a form of competitive pressure to ensure those sales continue to rack up? The distinction between labor practices for Toyota's Japanese workers and GM's American workers is pretty stark in this example. It seems to strongly suggest that all those Prius owners who believe they are helping the world by bellowing out less emissions and wasting less gas are paying for it in another way -- in the form of human rights abuses they never see.