What is lithium? It is a soft, silver-white metal that is a good conductor of both heat and electricity. Because of these properties, lithium is used in the manufacture of lithium-ion batteries. Lithium batteries generate 3 volts of electricity, compared to 1.5 volts for lead/acid or zinc cells.

Lithium is used primarily in the manufacture of car batteries for hybrid cars. These cars are becoming more popular, with the major domestic and foreign car makers using lithium batteries. Hence, lithium has become a highly sought-after commodity.

Online games may be banned in Corporate America (at least during work time) but they have actually proven fairly useful for building customer loyalty. How?

Well, companies need to find ways to cater to their power users, who are often similar to gamers. After all, they are passionate; have strong networks; and are not afraid to speak their minds (and spread their messages across the Net).

Some of the companies leveraging this concept include: AT&T (NYSE: T), Car and Driver, Scholastic (NASDAQ:SCHL)and Univision.

Oh, and they are using the technology platform from Lithium.

Of course, the co-founder and CEO of the company, Lyle Fong, is a long-time gamer. With his brother, he started Gamers.com. What's more, his brother won a Ferrari because of his gaming acumen.

This article is part of a 20 article special report on "Metals, miners and money".

"What do flat-screen TVs, organic tomatoes, bathtubs, and hybrid cars have in common? asks international investing expert Frida Ghitis. The contributing editor to Global Investing explains, "All have a promising future and are produced with key materials brought to you courtesy of Sociedad Química y Minera de Chile (NYSE: SQM)."

Indeed, the company is unusual among miners -- and unique among the stock featured in this resource report -- as the firm is a non-metal miner. Says Ghitis, "Everything SQM sells comes from mines in Chile's Atacama Desert, the driest place on earth. SQM, once state-owned, exploits the unique mix of nitrates, iodine, and lithium in the rich caliche deposits.

"These are the largest known reserve of iodine and nitrate, essential elements for human survival. Also in the mix is lithium, increasingly a staple in electronics.

"Sociedad Quimica y Minera de Chile is a large non-metal mining and chemical operation, with a market cap of more than $2 billion and sales that broke the $1 billion mark in 2006. From its South American perch, it is a true global enterprise; its products are sold in over 100 countries by agencies in more than 20.

Due to potential safety problems, Toyota (NYSE: TM) has decided to delay the launch of new high-mileage hybrids with lithium-ion battery technology by one to two years, according to The Wall Street Journal, which cited people familiar with the strategy. The decision destroys any chance of Toyota meeting its goal of selling 600,000 hybrids a year by early next decade, up from almost 200,000 in 2006. The move allows General Motors (NYSE: GM) and others the opportunity to narrow the gap of future vehicle technology.

Toyota has also postponed its plans for the hybrid versions of the Sequoia SUV and the Tundra pickup until 2013-2014. That puts Toyota way behind General Motors and Chrysler's plans to launch hybrid SUVs in 2008.

The "potential safety problem" Toyota says, is the development of lithium cobalt oxide particles in its batteries, which have a tendency to overheat, catch fire or even explode. According to the company, similar problems have been seen in Sony Corp. (NYSE: SNE) lithium-ion batteries in laptops -- mostly because the chemistry of Sony's batteries was similar to that of batteries they were attempting to use in future hybrids.

The next-generation Prius will instead use the conventional nickel-metal-hydride batteries for its launch in early 2009. The first Toyota hybrid with lithium-ion battery technology will not arrive in the U.S. until 2011.

GM will have an opportunity to launch its first lithium-ion hybrid, the Saturn VUE Green Line model, as soon as late 2009, and before any competitors. Toyota's delays also give Honda Motors (NYSE: HMC) the opportunity to highlight its launch of a subcompact hybrid with improved nickel-metal-hydride batteries in 2009. Volkswagen (OTC: VLKAY), BMW and DaimlerChrysler (NYSE: DAI) all plan to create clean diesel engines for U.S. cars starting in 2009. The automakers say they now have obtained the technology to meet tough American clean-air standards.

Regardless of which company produces the first lithium-ion hybrid, Toyota's delays push back J.D. Power's estimates on future hybrid sales. Hybrid sales totaled 2.3% of all auto sales this year and were expected to reach 5% by 2010.

Just when you thought the exploding lithium-ion battery problem was over, Gateway, Inc. (NYSE: GTW) has thrown its laptop into the ring.

Gateway announced yesterday that it is voluntarily recalling around 14,000 Samsung-made laptop battery packs that were sold for three months in 2003. The problem, according to Gateway, is that the lithium-ion battery packs can overheat, potentially causing a fire.

That's hot.

Over 10 million lithium-ion batteries have been recalled worldwide since 2006. The recall has hit computer companies blindly, including Sony Corp (NYSE: SNE), Dell Inc (NASDAQ: DELL), Apple Inc (NASDAQ: AAPL), Lenovo Group (OTC: LNVGY), and Toshiba Corp (OTC: TOSBF). Now Gateway.

Wisconsin-based Johnson Controls (NYSE:JCI) is boasting advances in lithium ion battery technology that is enabling automakers worldwide to successfully create and sustain the new breed of high-efficiency automobiles. Remember, these new hybrids and plug-ins are useless without adequate and dependable, long-life power sources to support them. Since January 2006, Johnson Controls has sought to make lithium ion batteries the chosen power pack for future energy efficient vehicles. I'm pleased to report that they have met with admirable success.

Earlier this month, Johnson Controls accepted a development contract with General Motors to develop and test lithium ion batteries for use in GM's Saturn Vue plug-in hybrid SUV. Concentrated development efforts begun in January 2006 by Johnson Controls-Saft Advanced Power Systems (JCS) have come to the point where JCS was able to install and display a fully integrated lithium ion battery system in a prototype hybrid-electric SUV at the 2007 North American International Auto Show.

Alan Mumby, president and general manager of Johnson Controls hybrid battery business, states: "We are thrilled to be a key player in enabling tomorrow's green technologies". The JCS lithium ion battery laboratory, situated in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, is the only dedicated facility in the world focused exclusively on developing lithium ion technology for use in hybrid vehicles.

At least partial funding of the JCS lithium ion battery development project has been provided by the U.S. Department of Energy in furtherance of the Freedom CAR and Fuel Partnership project. The United States Council for Automotive Research (USCAR) is also a driving force in this effort. USCAR is a development and research effort operating with the combined forces of Americas big three automakers. This all speaks well of our friends in American auto manufacturing. Breathe easy America, they're working on it.