Dan Duncan, who is a billionaire, understands the importance of patience (especially in creating lots of wealth). An example of this is his latest deal; that is, his company, Enterprise Products Partners LP (NYSE: EPD), has been pursuing Teppco Partners LP (NYSE: TPP) since March. At that time, Duncan offered about $2.8 billion for the company. And yes, according to the senior management at Teppco, it was too low.

Well, after some wrangling, there is now a deal. Of course, the price tag is higher -- at $3.3 billion (it's a stock-for-stock swap).

Forging a cross-border buyout deal is always difficult. But, it is even more complicated if the seller needs to get the deal done fairly quickly.

No doubt, this is the case with GM, which is in the process of unloading its Hummer unit. The interested buyer is Sichuan Tengzhong, which is based in China. The price tag on the deal: $500 million.

However, this week we got a bombshell; that is, the BBC reported that the Chinese government wanted to kill the deal.

Mergers and acquisitions aren't delivering the fees that investment bankers used to enjoy, but fortunately, the money's coming from elsewhere. Data from Thomson Reuters reports a 29% increase in capital markets and M&A fees for the first time in more than a year. Share sales (e.g., rights offerings) were where dealmakers found the action. In the shrinking M&A space, Morgan Stanley (NYSE: MS) has taken the lead spot.

Since there are fewer banks in the marketplace than there were a year ago -- and they have less money -- the capital is starting to come from elsewhere. Because they aren't lending at their previous pace, companies are issuing bonds and equity to replenish their coffers. Pfizer (NYSE: PFE), for example, raked in more than $23 billion from the bond market to fund its acquisition of Wyeth (NYSE: WYE), and Roche nabbed Genentech with the help of a $30 billion debt issuance.

If you read the actual press release, you'll see that Discover, on a reported basis, made $0.43 per share. However, we must remember that this profit included an antitrust settlement sourced to Visa and MasterCard. So, once you get rid of that money, you come up with a loss for the quarter.

While M&A activity has been mostly lackluster, this has not been the case in the pharma industry. The major players are trying to reposition themselves for changes in regulations, as well as patent expirations of mega drugs.

So, today we got another deal: Watson Pharmaceuticals (NYSE: WPI) agreed to purchase Arrow Group for $1.75 billion. The transaction will be paid in cash and stock.

• Keefe Bruyette upgraded Bank of America (NYSE:BAC) to Outperform from Market Perform due to valuation and the company's better balance sheet following capital raises. The firm raised its target on shares to $16.50.
  
• Merriman upgraded Blue Coat Systems (NASDAQ:BCSI) to Buy from Neutral to reflect stabilizing demand and merger synergies from the Packeteer acquisition.
  
• Thomas Weisel upgraded Genomic Health (NASDAQ:GHDX) to Overweight from Market Weight based on valuation, a new colon cancer assay expected in 2010, and upside from new sales hires.
• Plexus (NASDAQ:PLXS) was upgraded to Outperform from Neutral at Baird.
  
• Great Plains Energy (NYSE:GXP) was raised to Buy from Neutral at Goldman.
  
• Ericsson (nASDAQ:ERIC) was upgraded at Societe Generale to Buy from Hold.

For NetApp (NASDAQ: NTAP), yesterday was fairly eventful. Not only did the company announce its Q4 earnings but also a $1.5 billion deal to purchase rival storage maker, Data Domain (NASDAQ: DDUP). The transaction comes to $25 per share.

No doubt, NetApp needs to find growth, as CFOs tighten information technology (IT) budgets. Keep in mind that Q4 revenues fell 6.2% to $879.6 million.

Back in 2002 to 2003, Oracle's (NASDAQ: ORCL) CEO, Larry Ellison, realized that the tech industry was maturing -- and the best strategy would be to engage in aggressive mergers & acquisitions (M&A). It was certainly prescient.

However, other major tech operators have been slow to the game. Just look at Dell (NASDAQ: DELL). While the company has struck some deals -- such as for EqualLogic in 2007 -- the activity has been muted.

• Jefferies upgraded Cytec Industries (NYSE: CYT) to Buy from Hold on valuation and believes liquidity concerns are overdone. The firm raised its target on the stock to $27 from $20.
  
• Morgan Stanley upgraded Intel (NASDAQ: INTC) to Overweight from Equal Weight and raised its price target to $19 from $15. Morgan Stanley's survey indicates positive trends in the business supply chain and the analysts expects estimates to move higher from increased server MPU sales and growth in Windows 7.
  
• Pali upgraded Urban Outfitters (NASDAQ: URBN) to Buy from Neutral on valuation and believes the company's tough Q2 compares are already priced into the stock. The firm has a $25 target on shares.
• Research in Motion (NASDAQ: RIMM) was upgraded to Conviction Buy from Buy at Goldman.
  
• MasterCard (NYSE: MA) was lifted to Buy from Hold at Deutsche Bank.
  
• Burger King (NYSE: BKC) was raised to Buy from Neutral at Banc of America/Merrill.

Since the 1980s, Sandy Weill spent billions on deal-making to build the Citigroup (NYSE: C) empire. Now it is in the process of being dismantled. The company has little choice as it must deal with its precarious capital base (the firm is the beneficiary of $45 billion in federal government loans).

So this week, Citigroup announced a deal to sell a variety of its Nikko units to Sumitomo Mitsui Financial Group for roughly $7.9 billion or 774.5 billion yen. Keep in mind that Citigroup purchased the division in 2007 for 1.6 trillion yen. Yes, it's a big-time haircut.

Nikko is a major player in the Japanese marketplace, with operations in brokerage and underwriting. In fact, the sale is going to be a game-changer in Japan as Sumitomo will have now more scale against rivals like M.U.F.G. and Mizuho Financial Group.

Visa (NYSE: V), whose colleagues include American Express (NYSE: AXP), MasterCard (NYSE: MA), and Discover Financial Services (NYSE: DFS), reported a Q2 profit on Wednesday that was surprisingly strong. On an adjusted basis, earnings came in at 73 cents per share. Analysts were banking on only 64 cents per share, according to Reuters.

Quite frankly, I can see the disparity between Wall Street's thinking and the ultimate reality. I mean, the economy has been bad (to state the obvious), and people aren't spending as much. This means that they aren't using their credit cards like they used to. Ergo, you might expect Visa to post a lower number.