Oil rose more than $4 a barrel early Friday morning to a record $145.98 on concerns that Israel may be preparing to attack Iran and on supply concerns in Nigeria and Brazil.
[Update: Oil prices continued to climb, reaching a record of $147.03 a barrel, and this may not be the last update.]

Oil came within a whisker of $146 per barrel after Israeli fighter jets reportedly practiced over Iraq according to Iraqi and Iranian sources. This, however, was enough to increase speculation among traders that Israel is preparing to launch a military strike against Iran's nuclear facilities.

The United States and the European Union want Iran to end uranium enrichment, a technology that would give Iran the materials needed to produce a nuclear bomb. Iran says it wants the nuclear technology solely to produce electricity for civilian use. If one discounts oil sands, Iran has the world's second largest proved oil reserves, after Saudi Arabia.

Oil was also fanned higher by threats of additional Nigerian civil unrest and Brazilian oil union's plan to start a 5-day strike, Bloomberg News reported Friday.

The other major energy commodities, likewise, also jumped in early Friday morning trading. Heating oil surged 8 cents to $4.12 per gallon, unleaded gasoline rose 6 cents to $357 per gallon, and natural gas jumped 16 cents to $12.53 per million BTUs.

Oil rose over $137 Monday after traders calculated that Saudi Arabia's announced production increase will not be able to replace production disruptions in Nigeria, Bloomberg News reported.

Oil rose $2.20 to $137.56 per barrel in Monday mid-day trading. The other major energy commodities also rose on the news. Heating oil jumped 8 cents to $3.85 per gallon, unleaded gasoline gained about 4 cents to $3.47 per gallon, and natural gas climbed about 23 cents to $13.22 per million BTUs.

Attacks on a Royal Dutch Shell (NYSE: RDS.A) platform and a Chevron (NYSE: CVX) pipeline last week halted production of 300,000 barrels of oil per day from Nigeria, Bloomberg News reported. The Nigerian unrest easily offset Saudi Arabia's announcement, at the Jeddah summit it hosted, that it would pump an additional 200,000 barrels per day.

Oil's 'safety cushion' is low

Jim Dietz, independent energy trader, told BloggingStocks Monday, a weak dollar and speculator long positions have been factors in oil's more than 4-year bull market, but the No. 1 factor, in his interpretation, is the low 'safety cushion' between daily global oil supply and demand.

Oil surged $4.27 to $136.20 per barrel Friday after the dollar fell and reports confirmed that Israel had conducted a military exercise that analysts say rehearsed a potential bombing attack on nuclear targets in Iran, Bloomberg News reported Friday.

The other major energy commodities also surged Friday on the news. Heating oil jumped 11 cents to $3.82 per gallon, unleaded gasoline gained 8 cents to $3.43 per gallon, and natural gas climbed 26 cents to $13.12 per million BTUs.

Short-circuited oil sell-off

Under most circumstances, oil rises when the dollar falls, as holders of oil, which is priced in dollars, raise their prices to compensate for the reduced purchasing power of the dollar. The dollar Friday was set to record 3-cent weekly declines against the euro and British pound.

Further, geopolitical events re-entered the oil stage. Israel undertook a major military exercise earlier this month that American officials say appeared to be a rehearsal for a potential bombing attack on Iran's nuclear facilities, The New York Times reported Friday.

OPEC has repeated what it has said before, but with a little twist. It will not raise supply before its September meeting. That means that relief from $130 plus crude prices may not be coming.

But, the small addition to the group's comments is that "OPEC has no plans to meet to discuss oil's surge to a fresh record, and would need to see a real supply threat to gather before the next scheduled meeting," according to Reuters.

While it is not entirely clear what that means, it probably includes disruptions of oil production in areas that have little political stability, especially Nigeria and Venezuela.

In general, OPEC says that speculation and a weak dollar are driving oil up. That is a convenient excuse for a cartel that is making hundreds of billions of dollars while gasoline prices move toward $5.

Douglas A. McIntyre is an editor at 247wallst.com.

An OPEC official said Friday the cartel may meet to boost output ahead of its September 2008 meeting if crude oil prices keep rising, Reuters reported Friday.

"If the price keeps going up, OPEC may consult on an increase in production before it meets in September," the OPEC source told Reuters Friday, speaking on condition that he not be identified. He added that the increase "would have to be more than 500,000 barrels per day" to have an impact.

Oil Friday hit another record high, increasing $2.20 to $126.20 per barrel Friday morning, before easing back to $125.25, on concern about production in Nigeria amid civil unrest, and on emerging market oil demand growth, particularly in China and India. Further, institutional investor demand for oil as an asset class is also contributing to oil's record rise, many analysts agree.

'Two years, $75 late'

Economist Glen Langan told BloggingStocks Friday talk of a potential OPEC action on production is two years too late. "OPEC is two years, $75 late, I'm sorry to say," Langan said. "OPEC knew for two years that higher production was needed to help meet unprecedented emerging market demand, but they failed to act in the interests of the global economy."

American motorists, already stung by an 80% increase in gasoline prices in the past year, sense that $5 per gallon is ahead, and they may be (regrettably) right.

A CNN/Opinion Research Corp. poll found that 94% of respondents expect to pay $4 per gallon this year, and 78% expect to pay as much as $5, CNNMoney reported Tuesday.

The national average currently is $3.62 per gallon as tracked by the Lundberg Survey, Bloomberg News reported. Many higher-cost areas of the United States -- including New York, San Francisco, Los Angeles, and Boston -- are already experiencing prices over $4 per gallon.

Further, traders and analysts say seasonal, structural, and geopolitical factors are likely to push gasoline considerably higher in the weeks ahead -- with gasoline's upward arc lasting months, if the price of oil continues to rise.

Primary culprit: Rising oil prices

The biggest factor in gasoline's rise is the price of oil, which Tuesday topped $122 per barrel in NYMEX trading for the first time in its history. Oil is up more than 100% since 2006. In November 2001, oil traded at about $17 per barrel. Moreover, because the crude component accounts for more than 60% of the price of a gallon of gasoline, refiners have passed that added cost onto consumers.

Oil continues its charge today, with prices rising above $122. At noon, oil is at $122.21, up $2.21.

The bulls have definitely had plenty of reason to continue to push prices higher this week. Concerns over supplies and the weak U.S. dollar continue to lead headlines, adding a boost to the current record high prices. Unfortunately for consumers at the gasoline pumps, higher oil will probably continue to prop up gasoline prices.

In an already uncertain market, any sort of rumors over supplies will always lead to higher prices, and that is definitely playing a part in the current market. Fresh concerns are flowing out of Iraq after Kurdish rebels threatened to start running suicide operations against American interests in the country. Iran is (as always) in the minds of traders as the country continues to defy the United Nations over its nuclear program.

Oil surged more than $3 to break through the $120 level Monday on concern a rebel attack in Nigeria would disrupt that country's production, Bloomberg News reported.

The markets were also rattled by a New York Times report indicating that Iran has apparently rejected the west's latest package of incentives to end its nuclear program.

Oil rose $3.86 to a record $120.21 per barrel, before drifting back slightly to $119.75 on Monday at mid-day.

The other major energy commodities also rose substantially Monday morning. Heating oil jumped 9 cents to $3.31 per gallon, unleaded gasoline surged 7 cents to $3.04 per gallon, and natural gas rose 36 cents to $11.13 per million BTUs.

BBC news reported Saturday that militants in Nigeria have again sabotaged oil transfer infrastructure belonging to Royal Dutch Shell (NYSE: RDS A). This is the fifth incident of such attacks in recent weeks. The BBC report states: "Several previous ones have been blamed on supporters of the militant leader Henry Okah, who is currently awaiting trial on treason charges."

A Shell Oil spokesperson is quoted as stating that multiple oil delivery lines are affected and that some amount of oil has spilled into the environment. The company is undertaking oil containment measures and production volume has been reduced. Reuters News Service reported: "...the rebel Movement for the Emancipation of the Niger Delta (MEND) ... has already knocked 164,000 barrels a day off Shell's production in Nigeria with a pipeline bombing last month."

According to Reuters, local security forces are reporting that not just oil delivery lines have been affected. They claim that three oil wells and other equipment were also subjected to damage. Additionally, this news of sabotage comes on the heels of an eight day Nigerian labor strike against Exxon Mobil Corp. (NYSE: XOM). That strike ended this past Thursday and had temporarily cut that company's Nigerian oil production in half. And of course, with oil supply problems and concerns, oil prices have increased.

Oil prices have once again hit new highs today, trading up all the way to $118.05, before cooling off slightly, and are currently sitting at $117.85.

The main concern fueling today's move is over supplies from some of the world's major oil producing countries. Nigeria is on the list, as a joint venture of Royal Dutch Shell PLC (NYSE: RDS) stated that it would be reducing its output in April and May by around 169,000 barrels a day. This comes in response to a militant attack on one its pipelines last week.

This is really nothing new to Nigeria, which over the past two years has been the victim of multiple attacks on its oil infrastructure. The country is a major supplier to the the United States, and over the past 2 years the country has seen its oil output fall by a pretty hefty 25%. All the result of militant attacks.

Oil's seemingly inexorable march to a price no one wants to pay continued Friday, as crude reversed and burst through $116 per barrel level on word of an attack on a Nigerian pipeline, Reuters reported Friday.

The main militant group in Nigeria's oil-rich Niger Delta region said Friday it sabotaged a pipeline operated by a unit of Royal Dutch Shell Plc (NYSE: RDS.A) Thursday in Rivers state, Bloomberg News reported. Oil closed up $1.73 to $116.59 per barrel. Earlier, futures hit a record $117 per barrel. Oil has risen 85% in the last 12 months.

Before word of the Nigerian incident, oil had been down about $1.50 per barrel on the dollar's rise versus the world's other major currencies. On Friday, the dollar gained about 1 cent versus the euro to $1.5809. Because oil is priced in dollars, oil tends to rise when the dollar falls, as producers/speculators bid the price up in an effort to preserve dollar-denominated purchasing power.

Oil jumped above $114 and wholesale unleaded gasoline soared to $2.91, after a U.S. Energy Information Administration report indicated that weekly crude oil inventories unexpectedly fell by 2.36 million barrels.

Analysts surveyed by Bloomberg News had expected crude oil inventories to increase by 1.18 million barrels in the past week. Oil inventories declined 2.36 million barrels to 313.7 million last week, the EIA announced.

Oil pops above $114

The unexpected inventory decline sent oil up $1.16 cents to $114.95 per barrel in Wednesday morning trading. The inventory draw also pushed wholesale unleaded gasoline up 5 cents to $2.91 per gallon. Heating oil also surged 3 cents to $3.29 per gallon. Natural gas rose 2 cents to $10.22 per million BTUs.

Oil spiked up to $107 on news that an Iraq pipeline had been blown up, potentially disrupting supply. Oil-consuming nations had watched crude drop to $100 on hopes that a slowing global economy would cut demand.

In all probability, the hunger for oil in areas such as China and India will keep the need for oil high. There is also evidence that older fields in the Middle East and the Arctic are not yielding as much crude as they once did. The supply and demand dynamics may keep oil prices high for a very long time.

Oil disasters like Iraq and Katrina almost always cause a rapid rise in oil prices because of concerns that, at least temporarily, crude will be more scarce.

But, there may be a "two disaster" rule that could spike up oil prices 15% to 20%, at least for a time. Under this set of circumstances oil might be interrupted in Nigeria -- where the government is unstable, and Iraq -- where there may be more attacks on the infrastructure. Or, the head of Venezuela could cut off oil because he hates the US. If this is combined with a pipeline problem in northern Alaska, crude could take a big run.

The "two disaster" rule has not been fully tested, but the chances that it will be in the next year are increasing. The world's political scene is too volatile and the pipe and refineries that supply oil are, in many cases, too old.

Crude is going to $120. It is just a question of when and for how long.

Douglas A. McIntyre is an editor at 247wallst.com.

Oil closed Thursday up $2.95 to $102.59 per barrel -- another record-high print close -- after a combination of geopolitical, production, and trading factors sent investors piling into crude oil futures as an investment/inflation hedge, Bloomberg News reported Thursday.

Earlier in the day oil hit an intra-session high of $102.70 -- within 10 cents of the all-time high, in inflation-adjusted terms, of $102.80 per barrel set in April 1980.

The other major energy commodities also rose. Heating oil surged about 6 cents to $2.83 per gallon, unleaded gasoline climbed about 2 cent to $2.49, and natural gas rocketed 39 cents to $9.45 per million BTUs.

Oil Friday closed up 65 cents to $98.85 -- shaking off earlier profit-taking -- after word that Turkey had launched a ground incursion across the border into northern Iraq.

It was the highest three-day print close for oil ever. Oil gained more than $3 this week and closed above $100 twice. (Oil hit an all-time high, in inflation-adjusted terms, of $102.80 per barrel in April 1980.)

Oil: bull, bear battle

Independent energy trader Jim Dietz told BloggingStocks Friday the market remains volatile and conflicted.

"What we have now is a battle royale. Oil inventories have risen for five weeks and gasoline demand is slowing. Gasoline demand is up less than 1% year-over-year, and that suggests a major drop in oil's price is ahead. Bigtime," Dietz said. "But the bulls aren't giving up. They point to Venezuela's threats to cut-off oil to the U.S., the civil strife in Nigeria that never seems to go away, OPEC's possible March cut, and now Turkey crossing the Iraq border, as bullish signs, and they have a point. So it's a pretty conflicted market right now."