Shares of search engine giant Google (GOOG) fell by $19 per share (almost 4%) in after-hours trading Thursday after the California-based company was unable to hit estimates for its second quarter.

As we noted in our earnings preview, Google has done very well over the past couple of years, and the company has outpaced analyst estimates each of the past seven quarters.

Apparently, all the hype wasn't worth it. After Twitter COO Dick Costolo explained that the company was going to unveil a "non-traditional" advertising model and claimed that "people will love it," what we're seeing is a foray into decidedly charted territory.

According to AllThingsD, Twitter's ad model will resemble the one that has been so successful for search and online ad giant Google (GOOG). Ads, essentially, will be tied to search.

Yawn.

Bank of America (BAC) is in the midst of a frantic search for a CEO to succeed Ken Lewis, who is stepping down before the end of the year.

In an article on Bank of America's murky succession plan, USA Today buries this newsworthy factoid seven paragraphs down. From the "You can't make this stuff up" department:

BofA Chairman Walter Massey, who is leading the search, is currently on vacation on a ship and will not be reachable until Nov. 23, according to Morehouse College, where Massey is president emeritus.

Unless you already have a major foothold in the search engine market – or an amazing, disruptive technology that can make the world take notice – there isn't much point in staying. Competing with Google (NASDAQ: GOOG) is hard enough, even when you're Yahoo (NASDAQ: YHOO) or Microsoft (NASDAQ: MSFT) ... and, apparently, when you're IAC/InterActive Corp (NASDAQ: IACI). Barry Diller is ready to give up Jeeves, but only if asked nicely.

Diller's presence in the search space is Ask.com, ranked #4 behind Google, Yahoo and Microsoft's Bing. With a substantial gap between first and second, fourth barely registers at all. Ask.com has only a 2% U.S. market share, according to Hitwise, more than 60 percentage points behind the industry leader.

Baidu (NASDAQ: BIDU), China's leading search engine, sold off during Monday's after-hours session after the earnings report for the third quarter was issued. When you're a theoretical growth company like Baidu, missing estimates on the guidance side is never a good thing to do.

Nevertheless, Baidu delivered in Q3 itself. Sales skyrocketed 39%. Net income per share exploded over 40% to the upside, coming in at $2.07 per share on a GAAP basis. Adjusting for items, the company earned $2.16 per share. Earnings.com gives an expectation of $1.81 for per-share profit.

It's tough to take on Google (NASDAQ: GOOG). The search engine behemoth owns 65% of the U.S. search market and has a commanding brand presence. Yet, the software maker up the coast isn't known to give up easily. Microsoft (NASDAQ: MSFT) has cut a deal with microblogging site Twitter that should give it an edge in the battle to harness data and make it easier to find. A new deal will feed all those tweets into Bing, the Microsoft search engine.

Twitter is giving Microsoft full access to its data, in a deal announced Wednesday. Bing will provide search functionality for Twitter that you won't find in Google, which seems to have been outbid for the rights to the "tweet-stream." Under the deal, Bing will be able to index and display the tweets almost immediately as they are posted.

The number two search engine in the United States turned in a fantastic third quarter, far ahead of expectations. Cost-cutting, layoffs and business divestitures led to a surge in Yahoo's (NASDAQ: YHOO) profits and a 4.8% increase in share price in extended trading on Tuesday evening. Net income more than tripled to $186.1 million (13 cents per share) from the third quarter of 2008's result of $54.3 million (4 cents a share). Sales (exclusive of fees passed to partner sites) reached $1.13 billion, slightly above the $1.12 billion expected by analysts, according to a Bloomberg survey.

With the advertising market in rough shape and competition from Google (NASDAQ: GOOG) continually rising, Yahoo refocused on its core properties: the home page, messaging and mobile services. The company trimmed what it didn't need, which is why it was able to boost its earnings even with a decline in revenue. Increased ad revenue from auto manufacturers, travel companies and consumer product manufacturers also helped.

Yahoo's chief financial officer, Timothy Morse, says that the company's markets are "starting to stabilize." Of course, Yahoo itself must be doing something right: its share price is up 41% this year.

Google (NASDAQ: GOOG) increased both sales and income in the third quarter. The giant of online search, which issued its earnings release after the bell on Thursday, is saying what a plethora of companies are also saying: the worst of the economic downturn may finally be over.

According to TheStreet.com, sales, after traffic acquisition costs are taken into account, rose about 8%. On an adjusted basis, profit grew almost 20% to $5.89 per share. Our earnings preview article stated that expectations were for $5.38 per share. Google did a good job of giving the world a reason to believe that the rallies seen in the major market indexes should be taken seriously.

Microsoft (NASDAQ: MSFT) isn't planning to acquire its way into the search engine market. The company's CEO, Steve Ballmer, told Reuters that the company would invest in marketing and hopefully complete a partnership with Yahoo! (NASDAQ: YHOO) that is currently involved in a regulatory review. The goal, of course, is to provide at least meaningful competition to search giant and dominant market player Google (NASDAQ: GOOG).

Expect growth to slow a bit for Microsoft, Ballmer says, as a result of global economic developments. In order to cope with this -- and gear up for a potential battle with Google -- the company has frozen its R&D budget of $9.5 billion, the largest in the industry. With that and a $31.4 billion cash and cash equivalent position, Microsoft certainly has the resources to do battle.

Kai-Fu Lee, head of Google's China operations, resigned on Friday. This brings to a close four years of controversy, as the search engine giant censored its search results in order to pick up some market share in the largest internet market in the world (by population).

The change follows fresh debate within Google (NASDAQ: GOOG) -- which claims to live by the motto "don't be evil" -- about whether to exit the Chinese market. The internal discussion is the result of another round of conflict with government authorities in China.

Microsoft Corporation (NASDAQ: MSFT), a company in the same competitive league as Apple, Inc. (NASDAQ: AAPL), Google, INc. (NASDAQ: GOOG), Yahoo! (NASDAQ: YHOO), and International Business Machines Corp. (NYSE: IBM), posted its Q4 earnings release after the bell on Thursday. As I was writing this paragraph, shares of the software giant were trading down over 6% in the after-hours session. Looks like the market was disappointed.

To be certain, the results weren't great (of course, no one was expecting them to recall the company's growth story of yesteryear, I'm confident about that, let me tell you). Sales were down 17%. Operating income on a dollar basis dropped 30%. And, on a reported basis, Microsoft's per-share profit, calculated out to be 34 cents, declined 26%. On an adjusted basis, adding back 4 cents for a few items, earnings came in at 38 cents per share. According to my earnings preview, that beat estimates by two pennies.

Yahoo!'s (NASDAQ: YHOO) second-quarter earnings release, which was issued after the bell on Tuesday, didn't go over so well. Sales declined 13%. Adjusted earnings were 16 cents per share. That means that there was zero per-share profit growth on the bottom line. To add insult to injury, adjusted operating cash flow declined 10%.

In terms of expectations, Reuters is reporting a beat of two pennies based on Yahoo!'s reported income of 10 cents per share. No one really cared. The stock sold off in yesterday's after-hours session, losing over 3% of its value. This was on top of losing 1.5% during the regular trading session. A lot of shares were traded yesterday, too.

Google (NASDAQ: GOOG), an elite member of a tech industry that includes related companies such as Yahoo! (NASDAQ: YHOO) and Microsoft (NASDAQ: MSFT), issued its Q2 report on Thursday after the bell. According to Tom Johansmeyer's earnings preview, the market was looking for Google to generate about $5.49 billion on the top line. The search giant actually delivered $5.52 billion in net sales. I think we can call that roughly in-line. The bottom line, however, definitely beat expectations. Google made $5.36 per share. Analysts believed $5.08 would be the number.

That's a 28-cent beat on the bottom line. Not bad, although please keep in mind that it isn't as impressive as, say, a company that was expected to do 50 cents and actually posts 60 cents. I'm sure that goes without saying. The main thing to focus on here is the fact that Google seems to be holding its own during the economic malaise.

Google (NASDAQ: GOOG) isn't invincible. The search and online ad giant is expected to report lukewarm growth for the second quarter today because of a brutal market for advertising and redoubled efforts by Microsoft (NASDAQ: MSFT) to own a bit more than its meager share of the online market.

Good news would have to come in the form of a better mousetrap for growing Google's ad market and ways to keep the Redmond machine from tripping it up. Ultimately, analysts are looking to see how Google can get back to the double-digit growth that used to be a given.

Yahoo Inc (NASDAQ: YHOO) claims not to be under pressure to ink a search deal with Microsoft (NASDAQ: MSFT). You know what that means ...

The two distant followers in the search engine space were considering a partnership, but Microsoft's newly released Bing search engine raises questions as to how committed Microsoft would be to a deal. Yahoo CEO Carol Bartz was quick to explain, according to Reuters, that "Yahoo doesn't have to do anything with Microsoft about anything" and that it is "a damned big, important site."

The benefits of the deal are salient, mostly involving scale and increased monetization of Yahoo's search service. The second largest search company estimates that it would save up to $700 million in a year through the Microsoft partnership.

Even though Yahoo is "damned big," Bartz believes that the acquisition of smaller companies that could be folded easily would be a good use of the company's cash.