When T.S. Eliot began The Waste Land noting that "April is the cruelest month," the American poet wasn't talking about tax season. But anyone who has ever been audited might adopt the phrase to suit their circumstances . . . and the month is rapidly becoming crueler and crueler each passing year.

According to an article in today's New York Times, the Internal Revenue Service has become increasingly more likely to audit middle-class Americans. In fact, since 2000, audits have nearly tripled among those taxpaying Americans who earn between $25,000 and $100,000 per year. During the past six years, middle-class households (who make up nearly half of all taxpayers) have seen their odds of an audit rise from 1 in 377 to 1 in 140.

Kevin Brown, the I.R.S. deputy commissioner, said the agency's audit practices previously paid too little attention to the middle class, focusing instead on those making $1 million or more. "We try to run a balanced audit program," he now confirms. Even with the ramped-up audits on the nation's middle class, those in the highest tax bracket remain more like to be audited. Taxpayers with income above $100,000 have a 1 in 59 chance of being audited; those fortunate enough to make $1 million or more enjoy the misfortune of a 1-in-16 chance of an audit. Finally, those making below $25,000 face only a 1 in 94 chance of enduring an audit.

If you are among the unlucky middle-class households to be audited, and if evidence of errors are found in your documents, the average penalty is about $4,100.

Beth Gaston Moon is an analyst at Schaeffer's Investment Research.