To be sure, today's equity market remains one that's filled with risks from near and far (such as in Europe) -- risks that can disrupt even the strongest stocks. However, if you're willing to assume some risk, consider utility Northeast Utilities (NU), for the opportunity to net a modest capital gain, plus a dividend.

Northeast's proposed merger with NStar (NST) should close in the second half of 2011, and create one of the largest utility companies in the U.S. The deal should be accretive to earnings in 2011. NU, first discussed here on May 5, 2009 at a price of $21.48, boasts an annual dividend of $1.60.

The new, larger company's name will be Northeast Utilities, and it will own six regulated gas and electric utilities operations in New England, primarily in Connecticut, Massachusetts and New Hampshire, serving 3.5 million customers.

Utility gem PPL Corp. (PPL), first discussed here on May 26, 2009, at a price of $30.56, has retreated about 10% since September, to about $26, but just look on that dip as an opportunity to scoop-up shares of a superior utility.

PPL provides electricity to 1.4 million U.S. customers in eastern and central Pennsylvania, and has 19.0 megawatts (mw) of power generation capacity. The company also operates two power distribution companies in the United Kingdom, which serve about 2.6 million customers. PPL Energy Plus also markets power to customers in Delaware, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Montana, New Jersey, and Pennsylvania.

Shares of utility The Southern Company (SO), first discussed here on June 19, 2009 at a price of $30.61, have pulled-back roughly in-sync with the Dow's spring retreat, but just look on that dip as an opportunity to scoop-up shares at a decent price. Here's why:

The Southern Co. is likely to be top utility sector performer. The reason? Its Atlanta-area operations.

The shares of utility PPL Corporation (PPL), which I first wrote about on May 26, 2009, at a price of $32.15, have totally misbehaved, and it's probably best to stand-aside at this juncture, pending additional performance data in the quarter ahead. If you own the shares, I'd hold them, but I wouldn't add to a position at this time.

In late April, PPL Corp's shares fell significantly after it announced its purchase of Kentucky-based utilities Louisville Gas & Electric and Kentucky Utilities for $7.625 billion, contingent on approvals. The consensus is that the deal will be (at best) modestly dilutive for the first year, and PPL's shares fell about $4 on the news.

The compelling stat for investors in March's industrial production data released Thursday by the U.S. Federal Reserve? Without question, the factory output component of the index, which jumped an impressive 0.9%.

The top-line industrial production statistic indicated just a 0.1% rise in March -- to be sure, one that confirmed a nearly year-long expansion in industrial production -- but hardly a large move. The March rise was also well below the estimate of economists surveyed by Bloomberg News, which forecast an 0.8% rise.

Utility PPL Corp. (PPL), first written about on May 26, 2009 at a price of $32.15, is a utility I still like, for several reasons.

First and foremost, PPL's business model remains solid: steady, if unspectacular growth in its regulated Pennsylvania power market (1.4 million customer), coupled with stronger growth in unregulated (though more risky) power markets. PPL hopes the increased use of power supply contracts of varying duration will lessen that risk.

Nary a good word can be said about this market in the first week of March 2009. The U.S. economy seems set to register at least an 18-month recession, and probably a longer one. U.S. Treasury Secretary Timothy Geithner went to Capitol Hill Tuesday to essentially tell the U.S. Congress more money will be needed for the banking bailout, and Fed Chair Ben Bernanke did the same to brace elected officials for more, essential help for American International Group (NYSE: AIG). As 'The Great One,' Jackie Gleason would chime, "Oh, wonderful!"

Translation: rough sledding, at best, for equities, and a defensive posture is the rule. Still, so long as one expects the U.S. economy to return to some semblance of normalcy -- and that's the view here -- there are bargains to be had for those investors who can tolerate moderate risk. And with the above in mind utility, FPL Group (NYSE: FPL) is worth a review.

This market isn't fit for most investors, but if you have the risk tolerance to own (or increase a position in) a stock or two, consider a utility.

But not just any utility. We're talking a well-capitalized utility. With solid revenue streams. And a large, moneyed customer base. And dominate positions in key markets. Hey, this is not a market for 'experimental business models' and 'iffy' stock plays, which is why Verizon is worth a review.

The latest trend in the utilities sector could deliver an unpleasant 'jolt' (pun intended) to electric power generation companies, if it continues.

U.S. electricity consumption unexpectedly dropped in Q2 and Q3, on a year-over-year basis, The Wall Street Journal reported Friday (subscription required), although The Journal cautioned that the data is early and incomplete.

Major electric power suppliers Xcel Energy (NYSE: XEL), Duke Energy (NYSE: DUK) and American Electric Power (NYSE: AEP) all reported declines in residential electricity use in recent quarters, compared to the previous year, The Journal reported.

An electric puzzle

Economist David H. Wang told BloggingStocks Friday electricity demand is a function of more factors than one might assume. The economic cycle, seasons, weather extremes, demographics, household formation, increased efficiency, technological change, and even popular culture trends are among the major factors affecting electricity demand.

Wang believes the major factor in the recent dip is the current U.S. recession. "I will defer to more-comprehensive U.S. Energy Department and power association data later, but I think without question the economic downturn is a major factor. When people lose jobs, many tend to give up housing and live with roommates or relatives. This decreases electricity use. Also, home foreclosures result in empty homes, which obviously use less energy than occupied homes."

U.S. industrial production fell 0.2% in May, the U.S. Federal Reserve announced Tuesday, its third drop in the past four months.

Economists surveyed by Bloomberg News had expected industrial production to rise 0.1% in May. Industrial production fell 0.7% in April.

Further, manufacturing output was unchanged in May, the Fed said, while utilities output declined 1.8%, and mine output increased 0.1%. The Fed added that factory output was boosted by a small pickup in the index for motor vehicles and parts; the end in late May of a strike at a parts producer had little effect on vehicle output for the month.

Also, capacity utilization declined to 79.4% in May from 79.6% in 79.7 in April. Economists surveyed by Bloomberg News had expected capacity utilization to total 79.7 in May. The May utilization rate is 1.6 percentage points below its average for 1972-2007 and is at its lowest level since November 2004. Capacity utilization totaled 80.3% in March and 80.9% one year ago, in May 2007.

U.S. economy operating well below capacity

Economist David H. Wang said U.S. industrial production continues to operate well below capacity. "We are continuing to see a downward path of industrial production and this is not a good sign. Industrial production has declined for about one year, and this will weigh on commercial activity. It's also a major job loss area," Wang said. "The U.S. economy is complex and multi-faceted but it's hard for GDP to grow without industrial production increasing."

A year or so ago, a 10% total annual return on equity would have been unsatisfactory for many investors.

My, how the U.S. financial landscape has changed from April 2007! A 10% return today doesn't look so bad, and a company that can achieve that and more is utility NRG Energy.

NRG Energy Inc. (NYSE: NRG) is a wholesale power generating company that owns and operates power plants with a net capacity of 22,880 megawatts.

The majority of NRG's revenue is from base load power. The significance? A stable cash flow. Further NRG's power source is largely natural gas-based, which is preferred, given likely additional regulations moving forward for coal-fired plants, as nations address climate change. NRG's power source mix is 45% natural gas, 34% coal, 16% oil, 5% nuclear. NRG's stable includes 175 power generation units at 49 power plants.

General Electric and Vestas Wind Systems are reaping the benefits as U.S. utilities assertively add generating capacity from renewable/alternative energy sources, Bloomberg News reported Wednesday.

For example, XCel Energy (NYSE: XEL), the U.S.'s largest provider of wind power, is buying 67 General Electric (NYSE: GE) turbines for a Minnesota wind farm, and GE expects its turbine sales to increase 25% to $6 billion this year, Bloomberg News reported. GE was the largest supplier of wind turbines in 2007, with a 45% market share. Siemens AG (NYSE: SI) and Vestas are two other major global manufacturers of wind turbines that should continue to benefit as wind power usage increases: each is opening manufacturing plants in the U.S. to accommodate increased wind energy-related sales.

GE's shares gained 89 cents to $34.29, while Siemens AG rose 20 cents to $128.20 in Wednesday afternoon trading.

Ferrellgas Partners, L.P. (NYSE: FGP), a huge propane distributor, recently reported Nov-Jan results. Propane is still the heating source of choice for several million households. How is it that Ferrellgas saw a drop in gross profits during its winter quarter? Granted, the drop in gross profit was not huge, and revenues for the winter quarter increased 15% to $764 million.

But results like this should cause utility and energy stock investors to take a closer look at just how a utility company actually makes its money, particularly with the ongoing deregulation of many utilities. Does a utility or energy company make its money on sales of a commodity, or on renting out its distribution network? Or is the utility or energy company more of a finance company that makes (or loses) money based on its pricing of a commodity?

Such seems to be the case with Ferrellgas Partners in its recent quarter. It lost money because it priced future delivery of propane without factoring in a steep rise in the cost of propane. There is no way to predict or control winter temperatures and resulting level of demand, but a company should be able to accurately hedge its own price contracts to account for fluctuations in demand in its own industry and price its risk accordingly. Failure to adequately price risk is what has led to the subprime mortgage mess. No one wants to see energy and utility companies, and their customers, suffer the same economic debacle.

The Washington Post reported over the weekend that the CIA had warned U.S. utilities of the possibility of attacks, or threats with extortion demands, via the internet. At a conference in New Orleans attended by security officials from governments, utilities, and companies such as Chevron Corp. (NYSE: CVX) and BP (NYSE: BP), a cybersecurity analyst broke with CIA disclosure polices to detail several recent cyber intrusions outside the United States, one case resulting in a power outage that affected several cities.

Increasingly sophisticated intrusions into corporate computer systems have cost companies worldwide more than $20 billion each year, according to some estimates. And extortion is a growing threat, with attackers radically increasing their take from online gambling sites, e-commerce sites, and banks, which pay up to prevent their sites from being shut down and to avoid public knowledge their sites have been hacked.

With the rising tide of cyber attacks on the infrastructure over the past year or so, and the vulnerability of the power grid, transportation systems, and big banks becoming increasingly clear, investors have to wonder how secure the exchanges are from extortion or efforts to manipulate the markets by individuals or organized groups. The London Stock Exchange suffered a cyber attack this past June. Such attacks frequently originate from overseas, sometimes supported by foreign governments, and perpetrators can be next to impossible to track down and bring to justice.

The market's choppy / consolidating pattern continues, suggesting the need for an additional defensive play or two (or perhaps more). Further, the utilities sector fits the bill, and in this category Exelon Corp. is worth an evaluation.

Via subsidiaries, Exelon Corporation (NYSE: EXC) distributes electricity to 5.4 million customers in Northern Illinois (including Chicago) and southeastern Pennsylvania (including Philadelphia). EXC has 25.5 million megawatts of generating capacity and is also involved in wholesale energy sales/marketing. The company also has 480,000 natural gas customers.

Further, analysts really like Exelon's non-regulated utility operations, which should boost revenue performance in the immediate years ahead. A rate compromise agreement passed by the State of Illinois also removes a potential cloud from the company's revenue picture. The Reuters FY 2007/FY 2008 EPS consensus estimates for EXC are $4.32 to $4.40.