Analyst upgrades:

• Deutsche Bank upgraded Cemex (NYSE: CX) to Buy from Hold on decreased dilution risk following the company's successful refinancing and raised its target on shares to $15 from $11.20.
• Rochdale upgraded Wal-Mart (NYSE: WMT) to Buy from Neutral and raised its target to $65. The firm is positive on Wal-Mart's defensive characteristics, cyclical upside, and competitive position.
• JPMorgan upgraded Gartner Group (NYSE: IT) to Overweight from Neutral to reflect stabilization in IT industry spending and the stock's attractive valuation. The firm has a $23 price target on the stock.
• Cavium Networks (NASDAQ: CAVM) was upgraded to Overweight from Equal Weight at Barclays.
• Borg-Warner (NYSE: BWA) was upgraded to Buy from Neutral at BofA/Merrill.
• Nanometrics (NASDAQ: NANO) was upgraded to Outperform from Perform at Oppenheimer.

Analyst upgrades:

• Argus upgraded CBRL Group (NASDAQ: CBRL) to Buy from Hold as it believes increased efficiency at Cracker Barrel will help to boost restaurant traffic and same-store sales. The firm has a $33 target on shares.
  
• Citigroup upgraded shares of Eli Lilly (NYSE: LLY) to Buy from Hold on expectations the company's blood-thinning drug Effient is on track for a Q2 U.S. launch. The firm raised its price target on shares to $41 from $36.
  
• Needham upgraded Intel (NASDAQ: INTC) to Buy from Hold after recent channel checks suggested Intel's PC OEM orders are tracking better than expected. The firm expects Intel to keep prices and product mix stable, enabling margins to recover in Q2. Needham has an $18 target on INTC shares.
• SEI Investments (NASDAQ: SEIC) was upgraded to Outperform from Market Perform at Keefe Bruyette.
  
• Consolidated Edison (NYSE: ED) was raised at Jefferies to Buy from Hold.
  
• Taleo (NASDAQ: TLEO) was lifted to Outperform from Perform at Oppenheimer.

Although Ford Motor Co. (NYSE: F) has fallen on hard times -- like much of the auto industry -- the company will eventually come back around. Its success, like that of competitor General Motors Corp. (NYSE: GM), will be on its ability to be flexible enough to build the vehicles customers want as needs change.

That's a large order, though. Ford CEO Alan Mulally recently stated that his Way Forward plan was behind schedule, and the automaker wasn't expected to post an annual profit until 2010. Ford knows it needs to be more globally flexible or it won't even make that extended target. Profit centers like SUVs are so 1999.

On top of all that, a Volkswagen (OTC: VLKAY) executive recently said that the German automaker intends to surpass Ford to become the third-largest seller of vehicles in the world. That's quite a bold prediction and it puts Ford under even more pressure to get automobiles delivered to customers with increasing manufacturing and selling flexibility. As of last year, Volkswagen sold 6.19 million vehicles to Ford's 8.55 million. Is one year enough of a background to declare VW a future winner over Ford? Possibly.

Then again, Japanese automakers Honda Motor Corp. (NYSE: HMC) and Nissan Motor Co. (NASDAQ: NSANY) are not going anywhere and will continue to put up a great fight. Toyota Motor Co. (NYSE: TM) is currently the king of the Japanese automakers, right behind GM globally. If Volkswagen really believes it can charge into the third spot, it better have the global vehicle finesse to know what its regions' customers want before they want it -- and then, make those sales.

As if Detroit needed any more bad news, there are reports that yet another foreign producer of sensible, efficient and fun to drive cars is planning a raid on the domestic market share of the SUV-producing giants.

Apparently Germany's Volkswagen (OTC: VLKAY) is considering building a new plant in Alabama to produce Jettas and next-generation Passat sedans, and possibly a small new SUV called the Tiguan, as well as the Audi A5. The plant will cost an estimated $788 million and employ several thousand workers. No decision was made about the plant's location at a meeting on Wednesday by Volkswagen's management board, and VW is reportedly also considering sites in Tennessee and Michigan.

This would not be the first time VW produced cars in the U.S. From 1978 to 1988, the company produced over a million vehicles, mostly Rabbits, in New Stanton, Pa., near Pittsburgh. But VW's quality and reputation suffered in the 1980s, and the company now has less than 2% of the American market. However, VW is making a great comeback across the globe, and senior managers must think the time is right to start selling more cars in the massive North American market, the world's largest.

MOST NOTEWORTHY: Priceline.com, Monster and Internap were today's noteworthy downgrades:

• Susquehanna downgraded Priceline.com (NASDAQ: PCLN) to Neutral from Positive as they believe upside may be difficult given the macro environment, competition, and currency headwinds.
  
• JP Morgan lowered Monster (NASDAQ: MNST) to Neutral from Overweight following the company's expectations for higher 1Q08 operating expenses.
  
• Internap (NASDAQ: INAP) was downgraded by Merriman to Neutral from Buy as they believe upside will be limited until the company can complete its integration of the VitalStream CDN acquisition.

OTHER DOWNGRADES:

• JP Morgan cut Sara Lee (NYSE: SLE) and Kraft Foods (NYSE: KFT) to Neutral from Overweight.
  
• Volkswagen (OTC: VLKAY) was downgraded at WestLB to Add from Buy.
  
• Merrill downgraded Getty Realty (NYSE: GTY) to Sell from Neutral.

MOST NOTEWORTHY: New York Times, Finlay Enterprises and AXA were today's noteworthy downgrades:

• Banc of America downgraded shares of New York Times Co. (NYSE: NYT) to Sell from Neutral and lowered their target to $14 from $21, as they believe the luxury categories, which represent 28% of NYT's national ad revenue, are not recession proof and that the company is also vulnerable to a cyclical contraction in the financial services sector.
• B. Riley lowered its rating on Finlay Enterprises (NASDAQ: FNLY) to Sell from Neutral to reflect the weak consumer environment, higher gold prices, and lower sales expectations for Bailey.
• Goldman downgraded shares of AXA (NYSE: AXA) to Sell from Buy and added AXA to their Conviction Sell List on valuation and the company's exposure to the equity markets.

OTHER DOWNGRADES:

• Volkswagen AG (OTC: VLKAY) was downgraded to Sell from Hold at Societe Generale.
• Deutsche Bank cut Air France KLM (NYSE: AKH) and Ryanair (NASDAQ: RYAAY) to Hold from Buy.

MAJOR PAPERS:

• News Corp.'s (NYSE: NWS) MySpace is investing heavily in games to go along with its successful music and video offerings, and beginning in January, thanks to a deal with games distributor Oberon, will offer hundreds of free "casual" games, reported the Wall Street Journal (subscription required).
  
• The European Court of Justice in Luxembourg overturned a law that had been on the books in Germany since 1960 to prevent hostile foreign takeovers, reported the Wall Street Journal. The immediate result is expected to be a takeover attempt by Porsche, a 31% holder of Volkswagen (OTC: VLKAY) shares.

OTHER PAPERS:

• Mobile Telecom company France Telecom (NYSE: FTE) is close to creating a joint venture for long distance operations in India with Indian optical storage manufacturer Moser Baer, reported the Economic Times.
• British financial services company HSBC Holdings (NYSE: HBC) is looking to sell Marbles, the online credit card business it acquired in 2003, reported the Independent.
• The first undersea telecommunications cable linking China and the U.S. -- called the Trans-Pacific Express -- has begun to be constructed, reports the Associated Press, and it's expected to be in place before the Beijing Olympics next July. Verizon Communications (NYSE: VZ) is involved and says the cable will be 11,000 miles long and cost about $500M.

MAJOR PAPERS:

• Barron's Online's (subscription required) "Weekday Trader" is inclined to take profits in the disk-drive market while others are popping the champagne; specifically in Western Digital Corporation (NYSE: WDC), which Barron's wrote about positively four months ago and has appreciated 29.6%.
• Emerging markets are outperforming their U.S. and European counterparts this year, but investing in some countries -- including Turkey and Hungary -- is still risky, according to the "Heard on the Street" column in today's Wall Street Journal (subscription required).
• The Financial Times (subscription required) reported that Russian oil company Lukoil Holding (OTC: LUKOY), which is 20% owned by ConocoPhillips (NYSE: COP), is planning a $9B European spending spree.

OTHER PAPERS:

• The Los Angeles Times reported that Washington Mutual Inc (NYSE: WM), the largest U.S. savings and loan bank, will close two mortgage divisions, resulting in about 1,000 job cuts.
• Spanish telecommunications company Telefonica SA (NYSE: TEF) said it is in talks with Apple Inc (NASDAQ: AAPL) concerning the right to sell the company's new phone, the iPhone, in Spain, next summer, Telecom Paper (subscription required) reported.

WEBSITES:

• A rumored partnership between Apple and Volkswagen AG (OTC: VLKAY) to develop an "iCar" with iPod connectivity could benefit both companies but is unlikely to yield an actual automobile for three or four years, according to market intelligence firm iSuppli Corp., reported AppleInsider.com.

MAJOR PAPERS:

• After less than a year in office, Shinzo Abe, the prime minister of Japan, resigned, reported the Wall Street Journal.
• With its sights set on Toyota Motor Corporation (NYSE: TM), Volkswagen AG (OTC: VLKAY) CEO Stefan Jacoby says he'll nearly triple sales of vehicles in the U.S. over the next decade, reported the Wall Street Journal.
• Barron's Online's "Inside Scoop" column reported that director James Burke purchased $1.1M worth of AnnTaylor Stores Corporation (NYSE: ANN) stock on Friday, marking the first open-market purchase by an AnnTaylor insider in at least five years, according to InsiderScore.com.

OTHER PAPERS:

• According to the U.K. Times, British bank Barclays (NYSE: BCS) has invested $1.5B in Golden Key, a fund that has gotten into trouble as a result of the global liquidity squeeze.
• Aluminum company Alcan Inc (NYSE: AL) is reportedly in talks to sell its packaging unit to India's Essel Group, reported the Economic Times.
• Music publishers have intensified their efforts to shut down popular Web sites that publish song lyrics without permission, reported the New York Post. The publishers are also demanding that Google Inc (NASDAQ: GOOG) and Yahoo! (NASDAQ: YHOO) remove all references to the offending sites from their search engines.

MOST NOTEWORTHY: Applix, Time Warner, Apple and Level 3 Communications were today's noteworthy downgrades:

• Applix Inc (NASDAQ: APLX) was downgraded to Neutral from Buy at First Albany and SunTrust Robinson Humphrey following the acquisition by Cognos Inc (NASDAQ: COGN).
• Time Warner Inc (NYSE: TWX) was downgrade to Neutral from Buy at Pali Capital. The firm has lost faith in Time Warner's executive management team and Board of Directors and feels the outlook for AOL is concerning.
• Gabelli downgraded Apple Inc (NASDAQ: AAPL) shares to Hold from Buy on iPhone concerns and valuation as they view the iPhone price cut as an indication that sales are not living up to management's expectations.
• Buckingham Research downgraded shares of Level 3 Communications Inc (NASDAQ: LVLT) to Underperform from Neutral citing deterioration in demand for some key products.

OTHER DOWNGRADES:

• SL Green Realty (NYSE: SLG) was downgraded to Equal Weight from Overweight at Lehman Brothers.
• Citigroup downgraded shares of Volkswagen AG (OTC: VLKAY) to Sell from Hold.
• Zumiez Inc (NASDAQ: ZUMZ) was downgraded to Market Perform from Outperform at Morgan Keegan.
  
• JP Morgan downgraded Northeast Utilities (NYSE: NU) to Neutral from Overweight.
• Goldman Sachs downgraded Radiation Therapy Services Inc (NASDAQ: RTSX) to Neutral from Buy.

Africa is too poor to be a major market for the world's major automobile companies, but the industry has started noticing a new trend: China's young car companies are aggressively moving into the continent.

The majority of people in Africa, especially in the smaller economies like Senegal in West Africa, lack the means to purchase a new Toyota (NYSE: TM), Ford (NYSE: F) or Volkswagen (OTC: VLKAY), according to a story in the Wall Street Journal (subscription required).For years, many Africans purchased used vehicles from developed nations in Europe. Now, Chinese automakers like Great Wall, Chery Automobile and Geely Group are challenging European, Korean, Japanese and American automakers by offering cheaper alternatives in the price-sensitive market.

BusinessWeek put together a list of the most recalled new cars in 2007. What is surprising is that four out of the top five vehicles were imports, and not domestic cars. Chrysler's (NYSE: DAI) Jeep Liberty, with 149,605 recalls, was the only domestic in the top 5. Chrysler had three other significant recalls, including the new Dodge Nitro, Jeep Wrangler and Chrysler Sebring. General Motors (NYSE: GM) had two vehicles recalled, while Ford's (NYSE: F) lone recall was from its Expedition line, and only totaled 10,000 SUVs.

Toyota's (NYSE: TM) Sequoia hit No. 2 on the recall list, with 533,000 vehicles recalled. This is a surprising improvement from last year, where Toyota recalled nearly 700,000 vehicles.

The new Volkswagen (OTC: VLKAY) Beetle took No. 1 on the recall list; triggered by the potential for a brake light switch to malfunction in over 1 million vehicles if it was installed incorrectly.

Take a look at BusinessWeek's slide show here.

Due to potential safety problems, Toyota (NYSE: TM) has decided to delay the launch of new high-mileage hybrids with lithium-ion battery technology by one to two years, according to The Wall Street Journal, which cited people familiar with the strategy. The decision destroys any chance of Toyota meeting its goal of selling 600,000 hybrids a year by early next decade, up from almost 200,000 in 2006. The move allows General Motors (NYSE: GM) and others the opportunity to narrow the gap of future vehicle technology.

Toyota has also postponed its plans for the hybrid versions of the Sequoia SUV and the Tundra pickup until 2013-2014. That puts Toyota way behind General Motors and Chrysler's plans to launch hybrid SUVs in 2008.

The "potential safety problem" Toyota says, is the development of lithium cobalt oxide particles in its batteries, which have a tendency to overheat, catch fire or even explode. According to the company, similar problems have been seen in Sony Corp. (NYSE: SNE) lithium-ion batteries in laptops -- mostly because the chemistry of Sony's batteries was similar to that of batteries they were attempting to use in future hybrids.

The next-generation Prius will instead use the conventional nickel-metal-hydride batteries for its launch in early 2009. The first Toyota hybrid with lithium-ion battery technology will not arrive in the U.S. until 2011.

GM will have an opportunity to launch its first lithium-ion hybrid, the Saturn VUE Green Line model, as soon as late 2009, and before any competitors. Toyota's delays also give Honda Motors (NYSE: HMC) the opportunity to highlight its launch of a subcompact hybrid with improved nickel-metal-hydride batteries in 2009. Volkswagen (OTC: VLKAY), BMW and DaimlerChrysler (NYSE: DAI) all plan to create clean diesel engines for U.S. cars starting in 2009. The automakers say they now have obtained the technology to meet tough American clean-air standards.

Regardless of which company produces the first lithium-ion hybrid, Toyota's delays push back J.D. Power's estimates on future hybrid sales. Hybrid sales totaled 2.3% of all auto sales this year and were expected to reach 5% by 2010.

MAJOR PAPERS:

• The Wall Street Journal (subscription required) reported that Highfields Capital Management LP, which owns an 8.5% stake in Wendy's International Inc (NYSE: WEN), has sent a "strongly worded letter" to Wendy's chairman James Pickett, urging the fast food chain to pursue a sale.
• Barron's Online's (subscription required) "Weekday Trader" column wrote that Western Digital Corporation (NYSE: WDC) shares could appreciate another 20% or more from a recent price of $18.06 per share, if investors can appreciate that the PC market is not permanently sluggish.
• The Financial Times (subscription required) reported that Dow Chemical Company (NYSE: DOW) and Saudi Aramco are close to signing a deal to build a petrochemical plant worth about $20B.
• German prosecutors and investigators are looking into allegations that a German paint supplier paid bribes to at least five Volkwagen AG (OTC: VLKAY) employees to gain contracts with the company, reported the Financial Times.

OTHER PAPERS:

• The Canadian Pension Plan Investment Board is heading up a consortium that is in talks to possibly buyout the parent of Bell Canada, BCE Inc (NYSE: BCE), reported the New York Times.

WEBSITES:

• Paul McCartney reportedly told Billboard that a deal is "virtually settled" to make the Beatles catalog available for sale online.

MAJOR PAPERS:

• The Wall Street Journal reported that Telefonica SA ADS of Spain (NYSE: TEF), in a $5.6B deal, has won a stake in Telecom Italia (NYSE: TI), but not control.
• According to the Wall Street Journal, Jones Apparel Group Inc (NYSE: JNY) CEO Peter Boneparth may sell Barney's, which it purchased in 2004 for $400M and today may be worth $800M.
• The Wall Street Journal reported that Marathon Oil Corporation (NYSE: MRO) is constructing a $3.2B addition to its biggest refinery in Louisiana for diesel fuel.
• The Wall Street Journal reported that Deutsche Boerse is in talks to make a $2.6B offer for International Securities Exchange Holdings Inc (NYSE: ISE).
• Senior Citigroup Inc (NYSE: C) executives are afraid the company could become a target of activist hedge funds seeking to break the company up, reported the Financial Times.
• According to the Financial Times, a number of companies involved in options backdating scandals, including McAfee Incorporated (NYSE: MFE) and Novell Inc (NASDAQ: NOVL), could be vulnerable to takeover by activist investors.

OTHER PAPERS:

• The New York Times "Dealbook" reported that Porsche has bid $48.9B for Volkswagen AG (OTC: VLKAY), and the bid will run for four weeks starting today.
• The News Journal reported that AstraZeneca (NYSE: AZN) has received a subpoena from the Delaware Attorney General, which seeks documents about the company's contracts with Delaware hospitals.