Here it is in a nutshell: Prices of grains and cotton have skyrocketed year to date. The United States Department of Agriculture's (USDA) report released Thursday stated that corn and wheat prices have doubled in the past year. Soybeans were up 50% and cotton was up 155%, as reported in the Wall Street Journal.

What has caused these sharp increases? The key mover has been exports. China, India and countries in the Mideast are stockpiling grains over fears that they will not have enough to feed their people. Corn in storage fell 15% on March 1. Corn has been hit doubly hard because 40% of it is used for ethanol production and a large amount goes for livestock feed.

March corn futures jumped 24.25 cents a bushel on Wednesday to $6.98. Corn contracts have risen 97% since June. You may be wondering why all this activity in the corn market in the middle of winter. The answer lies in a USDA report that said corn supplies are dangerously low. In fact, they are near the record low set 15 years ago.

What that means is that the corn stocks we have must last until our harvest starts in mid summer. Of the 12.4 billion bushels harvested last fall, we will have only 675 million bushels by Aug 31.To add more fuel to the problem, this new report is 9% lower than the USDA"s January projection, as reported in the Wall Street Journal (subscription required).

There's a catch-22 in world food supply and demand. The demand for food from developing nations is putting pressure on supplies across the globe. But governments are getting increasingly nervous and worried about unrest. To try and preempt civil disturbances, governments have stepped in and are buying food staples. This government buying is driving prices still higher.

Algeria and Saudi Arabia have announced extraordinary purchases of wheat, driving prices to a two and a half year high. Last week Algeria bought 600,000 tons of wheat, much more than usual. Saudi Arabia announced plans to double the size of its wheat stockpile.

This year get ready to open your wallet wider and expect higher credit card bills for the basics like food, clothing and energy. You are probably wondering what is going on. While you weren't paying much attention, the price raw commodities surged in 2010. Corn, sugar, wheat, cotton, coffee and soybeans prices soared last year, as reported in the Wall Street Journal.

A confluence of factors pushed prices up. We had and still have demand explosion from China and India. The United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization's monthly food index which monitors a basket of commodities including meat, dairy and sugar rose for the sixth straight month to a record.

The next year may bring higher global grain prices. Several factors are coming together to create supply-demand shortages. Let's first look at the demand side.

Globally, the demand for grains, both feed and consumer products, is increasing rapidly. Developing countries are coming out of the recession and their people are demanding more food products. Food prices are rising across the globe. A Wall Street Journal (subscription required) article states that the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization said its Food Price Index rose 3.7% to 205 -- 44 points in November -- the fifth straight monthly increase. This takes the index to just 8 points below its peak in June 2008.

Reuters quoted Federal Reserve Chairman Ben Bernanke as saying: "We're not in the business of trying to create inflation. Our purpose is to provide additional stimulus to help the economy recover and to avoid potentially additional disinflation, which I think we'll all agree could also be worrisome."

Bernanke claims that inflation is below the Fed's 2% target. That's hogwash! Sure if you use the "core" CPI, which leaves out food and energy, that may be the case. Not to worry.

Gold prices jumped to a new record high as spot gold in London was fixed at $1,291.05. Traders interpreted the Federal Reserve's statement that it were ready to provide more stimulus as bullish for commodities, Reuters reported.

More stimulus means printing more money. The U.S. dollar did not respond well at all. The December futures contract fell 0.65 to 80.20 (8:00 am EDT), which in turn had investors running for safe-haven assets such as gold and other commodities.

The grain markets are highly weather dependent. The slightest whisper of a weather change can move grains by large magnitudes. And with crops in Canada and China in danger of freezing, some grains recorded two-year highs.

Western Canada experienced frost last week, damaging the region's crops, including wheat, canola and barley. Similarly, parts of China also experienced freezing weather, threatening some grain crops there. Meanwhile, in Russia, the severe drought, which caused the country to ban wheat exports, is continuing. Russian farmers have planted 39% less winter grains this year, according to Bloomberg.

In a surprise and unexpected move, Russian Prime Minister Vladimir Putin told Reuters that he was extending the grain export ban until 2011. "I would like to note that lifting of the export ban can only be considered after next year's crops have harvested," Putin said according to Reuters.

Russia is now suffering through its worst drought in nearly 100 years. Grain harvest have been cut by two thirds, down to 60-65 million tons from 97 million tons in 2009.

World grain markets are in a state of confusion. A prolonged drought in Russia and neighboring Ukraine are causing prices to skyrocket. Wheat prices have risen 58% since May.

Russia plans to ban wheat shipments starting Aug. 15 after concluding that its grain harvest may be down as much as 38% this year, to 60 million tons. The drought is affecting not only this year's crop but also next year's. There is worry that Russia may not get enough rain to plant its winter wheat crop before the frost starts in September.

The grain markets are weather related. Any change in the normal growing weather pattern sends the markets into turmoil.

The story of the day is Russia. The farm ministry said that Russia will harvest 85 million metric tons of grain, down 5 million tons from the previous forecast. Why is this news? Russia and Canada vie with the U.S. as the second largest world wheat exporter.

Commodities often move counter to the U.S. dollar. The dollar is selling down, mainly because of the European Union agreement to support Greece.

Grain traders, seeing the weaker dollar moved in on the buy side of wheat and soybeans. Here are prices as of 9:30 EDT:

Who is in charge of regulating the wheat futures market? That agency is the Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC) which oversees trading in the futures markets. One area of regulation is the number of open contracts any one person can have at any given time. The limit is 6,500 contracts.

So then what caused the price of wheat to go wild last year? It seems that the CFTC was complicit in that they gave exemptions for traders to go beyond the 6,500 limit. One trader was allowed to hold 53,000 contracts. Then to make matters worse, six traders ganged up and held 130,000 contracts. According to Bill Tomson, the value of these investments jumped "from an estimated $15 billion dollars in 2003 to around $200 billion by mid 2008.

Farmers whose families have been working the land for generations should be called in to advise new Wall Street traders every year. Because in farm life is the hardscrabble reality of boom-and-bust cycles. When prices went sky-high for wheat, corn and soybeans over the past years, you did not see growers spending their wealth on fast pickup trucks and fancy overalls; no, they kept telling reporters and economists that this wasn't going to last.

They were right. Wheat, which had hovered for years around $4 a bushel, had risen to $10 and is now flattening at $5; less than the current cost in fuel, seed and fertilizer to grow it. Farmers like Jimmy Wayne Kinder, who held back their wheat hoping to sell at the top of the market, are "kicking" themselves, and demonstrating that they, too, have an emotional connection to their holdings and have trouble letting go even in the face of overwhelming evidence that it's time to sell. As the prices fell, farmers waited for a rebound that never came.

Farmland was hot, too, with speculative buyers purchasing Midwest real estate for prices nearing $1,000 an acre, the record set in the 1970s. Now they're back around $500 and farmers are recalling lessons the traders never have time to learn: patience. If automakers, mortgage lenders, and Wall Street firms could learn this lesson; scrimping and saving in the down economies but not behaving like kings in the boom times; perhaps bailouts wouldn't be required.

It's interesting, too, that the article doesn't mention another reality of the farmers' market forces; as demand for conventionally-grown wheat, corn and soy drops, demand for organically- and sustainably-grown meats, produce and grains is rising. I plan to stand in line at 9 a.m. Sunday morning with my three boys for the chance at paying $60 for an heirloom turkey raised by a farmer I know; I've cut out breakfast cereal and alcohol from my budget so I can pay more at the farmer's market. Perhaps the American economy isn't collapsing, but returning back to a more sensible place; where friendly, interdependent, local, sustainable economies thrive and the global economy is a distant memory.

The press is making a big deal about the extent to which oil and commodities prices dropped during July. The reporting is misleading.

According to the FT, "Commodities prices suffered their largest monthly drop in 28 years in July as crude prices nose-dived more than $20 from an all-time high of $147.27 a barrel." Prices on agricultural commodities fell sharply as well.

Oil at $125 is still disastrous for the global economy, and corn and wheat prices are still fairly near historic highs. In other words, the fact that these costs have come down is purely relative. Consumers and businesses cannot face the sort of inflation that even slightly lower prices create.

In terms of commodities' prices, it is much better to look forward than to look back. Oil production may have peaked -- that has not changed. Exports from large producing nations including Mexico and Indonesia have dropped sharply. Meanwhile, demand for oil may be off a bit, but developing nations, especially India and China, are not going to curtail their use of gas and diesel. Too much of their GDP depends on transporting goods for export.

The idea that agricultural product costs will drop much further is nonsense. Hundreds of thousand of farmers in Africa have been displaced by political turmoil. The U.S. and Canada can only produce so much. The competition between food and ethanol is not going away, and consequently, corn prices will stay high.

Near-record oil and commodities prices are here to stay. The underlying economics are simply too compelling for costs to come down much more.

Douglas A. McIntyre is an editor at 247wallst.com.