Analyst upgrades:

• Roth Capital upgraded MicroStrategy (NASDAQ: MSTR) to Buy from Hold and raised its target to $90 from $70, citing encouraging Q2 results, new product cycle catalysts, a lift from Europe, and cost reductions.
• William Blair upgraded Costco (NASDAQ: COST) to Outperform from Market Perform after meeting with management as it believes sales and earnings could beat expectations over the next year.
• Credit Suisse upgraded Novellus (NASDAQ: NVLS) to Outperform from Neutral and raised its target to $29 from $23. The firm cites higher Samsung capex forecast, high leverage, and low expectations.
• Home Properties (NYSE: HME) and Equity Residential (NYSE: EQR) were upgraded to Outperform from Market Perform at FBC Capital, while Douglas Emmett (NYSE: DEI) and Duke Realty (NYSE: DRE) were raised to Market Perform from Underperform.
• Agilent (NYSE: A) was upgraded to Overweight from Equal Weight at Barclays.
• Cytec Industries (NYSE: CYT) was upgraded to Buy from Hold at KeyBanc.

Analyst upgrades:

• Royal Bank of Scotland upgraded shares of Vodafone (NYSE: VOD) to Buy from Hold to reflect the company's dividend yield.
  
• JMP Securities expects HFF Inc. (NYSE: HF) to benefit from increased U.S. commercial real estate sales and mortgage volumes. Shares were upgraded to Outperform from Market Perform. The firm has a $5 target on shares.
  
• Oppenheimer upgraded Church & Dwight (NYSE: CHD) to Outperform from Perform as it believes Church & Dwight's value-oriented portfolio should continue to benefit from the consumer trade-down and that concerns over distribution are overblown. The firm set a $62 price on shares.
• Regeneron (NASDAQ: REGN) was upgraded to Buy from Neutral at Piper Jaffray.
  
• Burlington Northern (NYSE: BNI) was raised to Buy from Neutral at Goldman.
• AMB Property (NYSE: AMB) was lifted to Neutral from Underperform at Banc of America/Merrill.

AMB Property (NYSE: AMB), a global developer and owner of industrial real estate, closed at $13.25 Wednesday. Goldman Sachs says: "We remain cautious on REITS." AMB December option implied volatility of 107 is above its 8-week average of 66 according to Track Data, suggesting larger price movement.

Essex Property Trust (NYSE: ESS), a REIT with the majority of real estate consisting of apartment communities, closed at $74.33 Wednesday. ESS December option implied volatility of 81 is above its 26-week average of 51 according to Track Data, suggesting larger price movement.

AvalonBay (NYSE: AVB), an owner or indirect owner of 178 apartment communities containing 50,370 apartment homes, closed at $55.03 Wednesday. AVB December option implied volatility of 83 is above its 26-week average of 54 according to Track Data, suggesting larger price movement.

Option Update is provided by Stock Specialist Paul Foster of theflyonthewall.com

The earnings crunch begins in earnest this coming week, with companies from Johnson & Johnson (NYSE: JNJ) and PepsiCo Inc. (NYSE: PEP) to Southwest Airlines Co. (NYSE: LUV) and Harley-Davidson Inc. (NYSE: HOG) scheduled to report results for the quarter just ended. But with the ongoing turmoil in the markets, much attention is on the tech and financial sectors. This week will provide plenty to mull over on both counts.

Wall Street expectations for tech stocks are fairly optimistic. Analysts surveyed by Thomson Financial are looking for chip maker Altera Corp. (NASDAQ: ALTR) and software/service company iGate Corp. (NASDAQ: IGTE) to be the sector's biggest earnings gainers of the week. Altera is expected to report earnings of 30 cents per share (up 33.3% from a year ago) on revenue of $355.1 million. Altera had previously forecast flat sales for the quarter, and shares fell to a 52-week low last week. iGate is expected to report earnings of 14 cents per share (up 42.9%) on revenue of $55.6 million. India-based iGate recently spun off its Mastech consulting services. Shares are down 45.0% in the past three months, and also reached a new 52-week low last week.

San Jose-based Novellus Systems Inc. (NASDAQ: NVLS), on the other hand, is expected to report that net income tumbled 90.4% from a year ago to 4 cents per share, on revenue of $245.6 million. Novellus fell to a 52-week low early last week, and shares are down 44.5% year to date.

MOST NOTEWORTHY: Nova BioSource, Aventine Renewable and the REIT Sector were today's noteworthy initiations:

• ThinkPanmure believes Nova BioSource's (AMEX:NBF) biodiesal production process is economically superior to traditional processes but higher feedstock costs will make scaling difficult. Shares were initiated with an Accumulate rating.
  
• ThinkPanmure also initiated Aventine Renewable (NYSE:AVR) with an Accumulate rating and $8 target. The firm does not expect share upside until margin visibility improves, which will not occur until next year's corn crop materializes in early 2009.
  
• Lehman initiated the REIT sector with a Neutral rating; the firm started AMB Property (NYSE:AMB) and Kimco Realty (NYSE:KIM) with Overweight ratings and CBL & Associates (CBL) with an Underweight rating.

OTHER INITIATIONS:

• JP Morgan initiated BLADEX (NYSE:BLX) and Banco Santander (NYSE:SAN) with Overweight ratings.
• KeyBanc assumed Capital Lease Funding (NYSE:LSE) with a Hold rating.

MOST NOTEWORTHY: eBay (EBAY), Wells Fargo (WFC) and ASML Holdings (ASML) were today's noteworthy downgrades:

• Thomas Weisel downgraded shares of eBay (NASDAQ:EBAY) following the company's Q2 results, as they did not see an improvement in the underlying fundamentals. Goldman lowered eBay to Neutral from Buy and cut its target to $30 from $38.
  
• UBS downgraded Wells Fargo (NYSE:WFC) to Neutral from Buy citing valuation and reduced capital flexibility.
  
• Merrill downgraded shares of ASML Holdings (NASDAQ:ASML) to Underperform from Neutral as they believe the company's demand slowdown could carry into next year.

OTHER DOWNGRADES:

• Starbucks (NASDAQ:SBUX) was cut to Neutral from Buy at Piper.
  
• Wachovia downgraded Ashford Hospitality Trust (NYSE:AHT) and Strategic Hotels & Resorts (NYSE:BEE) to Underperform from Market Perform.
  
• AMB Property (NYSE:AMB) was lowered at JP Morgan to Neutral from Overweight.

MOST NOTEWORTHY: UBS AG, ProLogis, AMB Property, Navteq and PDL BioPharma were today's noteworthy upgrades:

• JP Morgan upgraded shares of UBS (NYSE: UBS) to Neutral from Underweight as they believe the company can start fresh after yesterday's pre-announcement.
  
• Banc of America upgraded shares of ProLogis (NYSE: PLD) and AMB Property (NYSE: AMB) to Buy from Neutral to reflect their positive outlook on global industrial REITs and believes they are positioned to benefit from global demand for industrial space.
  
• Navteq Corporation (NYSE: NVT) was upgraded at Deutsche Bank to Hold from Sell to reflect the acquisition by Nokia Corporation (NYSE: NOK).
  
• Wachovia raised shares of PDL BioPharma Inc (NASDAQ: PDLI) to Outperform from Market Perform following the CEO resignation and potential sale of the company.

OTHER UPGRADES:

• Thor Industries (NYSE: THO) was upgraded to Buy from Gradually Accumulate at Soleil.
  
• Gabelli upgraded Hershey Company (NYSE: HSY) to Hold from Sell.
  
• Forest Laboratories (NYSE: FRX) was upgraded at Citigroup to Hold from Sell.
  
• Roth Capital upgraded Conexant Systems (NASDAQ: CNXT) to Hold from Sell.

MOST NOTEWORTHY: Sonic Automotive (SAH), Hawaiian Electric (HE), AstraZeneca (AZN), AMB Property (AMB) and ProLogis (PLD) were today's noteworthy downgrades:

• Goldman downgraded Sonic Automotive (NYSE: SAH) to Neutral from Buy on valuation.

• Hawaiian Electric (NYSE: HE) was cut to Underweight from Equal Weight at Lehman based on valuation and the regulatory environment.

• AstraZeneca (NYSE: AZN) was downgraded to Equal Weight from Overweight at MorganStanley based on the reduced buyback, the $1.6B restructuring charge and potential for Nexium generics in Europe.

• Citigroup cut AMB Property (NYSE: AMB) and ProLogis (NYSE: PLD) to Sell from Hold citing the tight capital markets and the impact on costs for the downgrades...

OTHER DOWNGRADES:

• JP Morgan downgraded D.R. Horton (NYSE: DHI) to Neutral from Overweight.

• Roth Capital downgraded Century Casinos (NASDAQ: CNTY) to Hold from Buy.

• Keybanc downgraded shares of Diebold (NYSE: DBD) to Hold from Buy.

• DA Davidson cut Sunrise Senior Living (NYSE: SRZ) to Sell from Neutral.

Analyst summaries provided by TheFlyOnTheWall.com (subscription required).