Barclays is expected to receive a $927 million capital investment from Japan's Sumitomo Mitsui Financial Group as part of a plan to restore depleted capital, Bloomberg News reported Friday.

Barclays (NYSE: BCS), the United Kingdom's fourth largest bank, has been hurt by write-downs stemming from the end of the U.S. housing boom and subsequent mortgage and related asset-backed bond defaults.

Barclays' shares fell $1.29 to $24.28 on the news in Friday morning trading.

London-based economist Mark Chandler told BloggingStocks there are three positives stemming from the announcement. First, banking regulators in the U.K. will view it as "a coming to terms, something markets around the globe will also appreciate." Second, it demonstrates that investors "are still willing to jump into the pool and commit capital for less than ideal ventures, so you can see how the markets will look favorably on that." Chandler added that he does not have a rating on nor own shares in Barclays.

Japan's banks: capital to deploy

Finally, Mitsui's commitment to a bank abroad indicates that Japanese banks have repaired the worst of their balance sheets. "A Japanese bank would not commit funds abroad if their balance sheet was not solid," Chandler said. "Japan's banks have rebuilt their businesses, and are in better shape than they were a decade ago. Unfortunately, I'm afraid it looks like the world's bank concerns have shifted to the U.S. and U.K. for this decade."

The perceptive and common sense-rooted Ben Stein, in a business column in The New York Times, has weighed-in on the credit crisis, and for market absolutists, it's an argument they probably don't want to hear.

Stein, like many of us, has pondered how the massively well-paid men and women of Wall Street could create such a catastrophe. How did some of the smartest, talented executives, Stein ruminates, generate such immense losses that "they made banks clam up on lending -- at great risk to the economy?"

Compelling questions

Stein asks: Where were the fail-safe devices? The government watchdogs? The ratings agencies? A speech by Greenlight Capital hedge fund manager David Einhorn at a Grant's Interest Rate Observer event, provided the answers -- the unfortunate truths of the recent housing/credit boom -- which Stein summarized:

Billionaire investor George Soros believes the current financial crisis is the worst since the Great Depression, and said stocks have not bottomed yet, Bloomberg News reported Thursday.

Soros said the most recent market bottom "will probably not prove to be the final bottom," adding that the current stock rebound will last six weeks to three months as the United States moves closer to recession, Bloomberg News reported.

Further, Soros, in an op-editorial column in The Financial Times, argued that the cause of the market's current problems is a flawed premise: the belief that markets are self-correcting and tend toward equilibrium. They aren't and don't, Soros argues, and the laissez-faire policy creates bubbles, including the most-recent housing bubble, which, in turn, when it started to burst, led to the current credit crunch.

Soros cites deregulation

Soros added that the market's current troubles originated in 1980 when U.S. President Ronald Reagan and United Kingdom Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher led a laissez-faire movement that reduced/eliminated regulation of banks and financial markets, the FT reported.

Banks are demanding more capital from hedge funds to support outstanding loans resulting in the dissolution of some funds forced to liquidate assets, Bloomberg News reported Monday.

``If you have leverage, you're stuffed,'' Alex Allen, chief investment officer of London-based Eddington Capital Management Ltd., which has $195 million invested in hedge funds for clients, told Bloomberg News. Allen said the crisis is like a bank panic turned upside down with bankers, not depositors, concerned they won't get their money back. He added there are likely to be more collateral /margin-related liquidations of hedge funds in the weeks ahead.

The $2 trillion hedge fund industry is in the throes of its worst capital crunch since the Federal Reserve successfully encouraged the securities industry to provide $3.6 billion to bail-out Long Term Capital Management L.P. in 1998. Amplified by leverage and aided by innovative investment formulas, many hedge funds generated outstanding returns for much of this decade, often aided by high-performing asset-backed securities. However, as the housing market slowed and mortgage-backed securities began to fail, hedge funds started to experience the down side of their deployed leverage: banks and other counterparties who lent money for these investments had the right to and initiated requests that hedge funds put up more capital. Hedge funds that could not meet the capital requirement have been liquidated.

Undergrad and graduate students may soon be feeling the pinch of the subprime mortgage default-induced credit crunch.

Securities tied to student loans have failed to generate investors' interest, leaving roughly $3 billion in a sort of limbo, The Wall Street Journal reported Tuesday (subscription required).

Typically, the banks involved in the deal -- in this case Goldman Sachs (NYSE: GS), J. P. Morgan Chase (NYSE: JPM) and Citigroup (NYSE: C) -- would step in to buy the securities when demand is weak. However, because the major banks are already flush with loans and bonds they're trying to get rid of, they have been allowing the auctions to fail, The Journal reported.

Student loan manager Sallie Mae (NYSE: SLM) fell 42 cents to $19.73 on the news in Tuesday morning trading.

Bond demand is weak

The auction process is similar to those held for municipal bonds, corporate debt and other debt securities. However, Wall Street is not obligated to step in and buy student loan-backed securities when demand is weak.

The head of State Street's (NYSE: STT) investment unit has resigned, the company announced Thursday. It also said that it will set aside $618 million, including $279 million, or 71 cents per share, to establish a fund to cover legal and related costs due to losses in its fixed-income strategies.

State Street said William Hunt, CEO of State Street Global Advisors (SSgA), was replaced by James Phalen on an interim basis. Phalen will report directly to State Street's CEO, Ronald Logue.

"We have reviewed the actively managed fixed-income strategies at SSgA that contained investments backed by sub-prime mortgages. Based on our review and discussions with certain customers who were invested in these strategies, we have established this reserve to address legal exposure and other costs relating to these strategies," Logue said in a statement.

Including the aforementioned earnings charge, 2007 earnings per share are expected to be $3.42-$3.45. Excluding the charge, 2007 earnings per share are expected to be $4.54-$4.57. The Reuters 2007 EPS consensus estimate for STT is $4.20, excluding charges.

Relief rally?

Wall Street's reaction to State Street's announcement was decidedly not negative, as State Streets' shares gained more than 5% or $4.72 to $83.61 in Thursday morning trading.

Bank of America Corporation (NYSE: BAC) announced Monday it closed a $12 billion, enhanced money fund after major clients pulled-out amid losses on complex asset-back securities, including structured investment vehicles, Bloomberg News reported.

The Columbia Strategic Cash Portfolio was closed last week and is being "wound down," Bank of America spokesman Robert Stickler told Bloomberg News. Sticker said the fund's net asset value, which had been $33 billion two weeks ago, was 99.4 cents on the dollar as of Monday.

How vulnerable is your mutual fund to the ongoing mortgage meltdown? In this series, BloggingStocks contributor Lita Epstein, author of more than 20 books including Trading for Dummies and The Complete Idiot's Guide to Improving Your Credit Score, digs into mutual funds' holdings looking for securities with exposure to the currently shaky credit markets.

The first inkling I got that Fidelity might be tied to the SIV bailout was a story last week in The Wall Street Journal that indicated Fidelity's Prime Money Market Portfolio owned $402 million medium-term notes in Gordian's Sigma Finance Inc. as of the end of August [subscription required]. Taking a closer look at Fidelity Funds, I found two broad market bond funds with significant exposure to the mortgage-backed and asset-backed credit categories now showing signs of trouble.

As of 9/30/2007 Fidelity Ultra Short Bond Fund holds 42.4% of its assets in asset-backed securities, 17.5% in collateralized mortgage obligations and 15.2% in commercial mortgage-backed securities. That's 75.1% of its assets in securities tied to the credit markets that are now showing signs of trouble. While I'm not saying that 75% of this fund's assets are in trouble, what I am asking is, do you really want that much exposure to these markets in this volatile time?

As of 9/30/2007 Fidelity Short-Term Bond Fund holds 23.1% of its assets in asset-backed securities, 13.5% in collateralized mortgage obligations, and 11.6% in commercial mortgage-backed securities. That's almost half of its assets in the most volatile parts of the credit markets. If you do hold these funds, you need to decide if you want this level of exposure to these risky credit markets right now.

In reviewing bond funds this morning, these two Fidelity bond funds were less-diversified than many of its peers. While their yields may be high, you must decide whether the risk is worth it.

Lita Epstein is the author of more than 20 books including the "Pocket Idiot's Guide to Investing in Mutual Funds."