Over the weekend, French pharmaceutical firm Sanofi-Aventis (SNY) made its attempt to take over biotech firm Genzyme (GENZ) official. SNY offered $69 per GENZ share, which is slightly more than a dollar higher over GENZ's Friday close. The total value of the offer comes to $18.5 billion.

Although the offer isn't much more than Friday's close, it is 38% higher than GENZ's July 1 close. This is when speculation cropped up about a potential buyout offer from SNY. GENZ turned down the offer, noting that SNY was undervaluing the company.

Shares of biotech giant Amgen, Inc. (AMGN) are trading slightly higher in after hours trading this afternoon after the company delivered better than expected earnings for its second quarter.

Going into this afternoon's earnings report, analysts had been expecting to see Amgen report $1.30 per share, but the company was able to beat out analyst estimates by reporting an actual $1.38 for the quarter.

Today is supposed the first day of earnings season, yet few of the major stocks were big movers. The markets were strong at the start and in pre-market trading, yet the gains were challenged throughout the trading day. Here were today's unofficial closing bell levels:

Dow 10,664.52 +46.33 (0.44%)
S&P 500 1,147.01 +2.03 (0.18%)
Nasdaq 2,312.41 -4.76 (-0.21%)

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Biogen Idec (BIIB) has made a bit of news the past two days, starting with Thursday's news that William Young is the company's new chairman of the board. BIIB's Bruce Ross will complete his term as director and will step down from the board at BIIB's 2010 shareholder meeting. William Young will take over effective January 1, 2010. Young is a veteran of the biotech industry, as he served with Monogram Biosciences, Genentech (where he was CEO), and Eli Lilly.

Ross noted, "I am pleased the Board has selected Bill Young as Biogen Idec's new Chairman. He is an experienced biotechnology and pharmaceutical industry executive with an extensive understanding of Biogen Ides, given his 12 years of service as a director of the company."

Today was a strange post-holiday session as US markets really just keyed off of a weak dollar and higher commodity prices. $70+ on oil and $1,000+ gold were a highlight, but all in all this was merely the U.S. playing catch-up on gains after we had an extra day off.

Here were today's unofficial closing bell figures:

Dow 9,497.34 +56.07 (0.59%)
S&P 500 1,025.37 +8.97 (0.88%)
Nasdaq 2,037.77 +18.99 (0.94%)

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Biotechs are fascinating. They have such great promise, yet very few of them actually turn those promises into money. Cures for all types of cancers always seem imminent with promising (there's that word again) results from mice or small control groups. Phase I testing is completed and all kinds of good stuff seems possible. Then something usually happens. Usually not very good things.

Most of the time, it's discovered that what works in mice doesn't work in men (or women). Or that the group was too small for meaningful data and when a larger group is studied, the efficacy isn't there. Or as soon as there's a bounce in the stock price, much more stock is issued and dilution occurs.

Venture capital funds found 612 companies in which to invest $3.67 billion in Q2. Of this, $1.5 billion (41%) was first-time financing, according to a report by PricewaterhouseCoopers and the National Venture Capital Association. This is only slightly ahead of the action in Q1, in which 141 transactions were first-time, and far behind the pace we enjoyed earlier this decade.

The biotech sector was the big winner in a shrinking market, with funding up 54% to $888 million over 85 deals. The software business was flat quarter-over-quarter at 4644 million over 135 transactions. Investments in internet companies fell 15% to $524 million via 124 deals. Clean technology showed considerable growth, up 15% to $274 million, with 42 transactions closed.

Venture capital firms Braemar Energy Ventures and Lightspeed Venture partners led the Series C round for Solazyme, Inc., putting $57 million in fresh capital into the company. This brings total outside financing to above $76 million for the algae-derived biofuels company ... and shows yet another sign of life for private investment in green technology.

Solazyme uses microalgae biotechnology for the production of clean fuels, green chemicals, edible oils, and wellness products. The company seeks to "answer the increasing global demand for clean and renewable sources of oil" through sustainable and scalable technologies. The company's renewable oil production process relies on industrial fermentation, in which the algae consume nonfood biomass and industrial byproducts, which the algae converts to oil. End products include renewable diesel, biodiesel, and jet fuel.

When a $7 a share biotechnology company like Dendreon Corp. (NASDAQ: DNDN) rockets 200% to over $20 a share in one day, like it did yesterday after reporting successful Phase 3 trials of its prostate cancer drug, investors get interested in any biotech stock under $10.

But before investing in these speculative companies, you should have a clear understanding of how this niche operates. Marketing plays an important role in order for the companies to raise capital, therefore if you are interested in betting on a company's future, you should consider the risk factors and odds of success.

The Dow's difficult start in 2009, following on the heels of 2008's awful performance, has done little to attract new money into the market. And neither has the U.S. economy, which remains entrenched in a pronounced recession, with few signs that it's bottomed.

The economic conditions invalidate most sectors, but there are a few that offer promise. One is health care, which is why Baxter International (NYSE: BAX) is worth a review.

News events of the day are providing a dramatic illustration that not all biotech companies are the same.

Just as President Obama lifted the executive order banning the use of embryonic stem cells for research, Roche and Genentech (NYSE: DNA) appear to have reached an agreement on Roche's bid to acquire the 44% of DNA that Roche does not currently own.

Shares of biotech companies engaged in stem cell protocols rallied after the Obama announcement. While most of these companies are small in size with stock prices below $2 per share, the announcement gave impetus to price increases of 17% to 100%.

"Celgene (NASDAQ: CELG) reported their fourth quarter and year end numbers which showed strong revenue growth." observes biotech sector expert John McCamant.

The editor of The Medical Technology Stock Letter explains, "We remain excited about CELG's growth prospects and management's ability to deliver the goods.

"Total revenue for the quarter grew 50% to $623 million, with the primary driver being Revlimid sales of $369.4 million. Sales of their two other drugs, Thalomid and Vidaza generated $126.8 million and 69.7 million, respectively.

As an investor, I hate crowds. If a stock or sector that I like attracts a crowd, I know it is time to leave. As they say, the sheep are usually the buyers at the top.

Now, we need sheep to help drive prices of our holdings higher, but at some point it is time to jettison. Nothing goes up forever, and the best signal I have found over the years is to sell when the sheep are buying.

This year the sheep are being told to buy the biotechnology sector.

That advice may be a bit late in coming. 2008 was a disastrous year, but biotechnology did very well. It is that performance that is now attracting the sheep.

After the initial rebuff of Swiss-based pharmaceutical giant Roche's offer to acquire the 44% of Genentech (NYSE: DNA) stock Roche does not currently own, DNA is coyly encouraging the completion of a deal at a higher price.

Genentech is among the leading biotech companies in the world. It is engaged in the discovery, development, manufacturing and commercialization of pharmaceutical products intended for treatment of previously untreatable illnesses.

In 1990, Roche acquired a 56% stake in the company. Since that time, the relationship between the two companies has been a model for similarly structured combinations.

Roche's offer of $89 per share for DNA was characterized by DNA as significantly undervaluing the company.

But this was hardly a "hit the road, Jack" response. DNA's board of directors has been encouraging the two sides to continue discussions, and recent comments suggest that the deal could come together soon.

There were a few stocks in 2008 that exhibited great performance despite horrible market conditions. And these gems of 2008 may provide investors with a safe haven of sorts for 2009.

In fact, we are already hearing analysis of the year to come suggesting that biotechnology stocks will be the place to be for positive returns in the new year.

One such name to consider is Amgen (NASDAQ: AMGN).

Founded in 1980, AMGN is one of the largest biotechnology companies in the market. It has a stable of proven drugs that provides significant profits, and a pipeline of opportunities that should provide reasonable growth in the future.

Shares of AMGN have gained approximately 20% during the last year as investors recognized the value of current profits combined with future growth. Interestingly, the company really gained traction during the second half of the year as the rest of the market was imploding.

Even with the gains, AMGN is a compelling investment story.

Shares trade for 15 times trailing earnings and only 12 times forward earnings. That means you can buy shares for a price-to-earnings ratio that is lower than its growth rate.

One reason for the optimism in the stock in 2008 was the progress made on its osteoporosis drug, Denosumab. Analysts are expecting the drug to be a blockbuster.

Denosumab has done well in trials, and AMGN recently applied for FDA approval to bring the drug to market. Given the expected 10-month FDA review and processing period, AMGN is only a year or so away from the sales benefits of this new drug.