Ahead of the pre-determined deadline, Kraft (KFT) decided to launch its formal offer for U.K.-based chocolate maker Cadbury (CBY). KFT announced that the cash-and-stock bid is worth $16.46 billion (9.8 billion pounds) or 717 pence per U.K.-listed CBY share.

At that rate, KFT said the bid is 37% higher than CBY's July 3 close. KFT added that no other potential buyer has declared interest in CBY. KFT is offering CBY shareholders $5 in cash and 0.26 share in KFT. For each American CBY share, KFT is offering $20 cash and 1.04 shares.

Here are some highlights from last week's earnings coverage from BloggingStocks:

• Activision Blizzard Inc. (NASDAQ: ATVI) said its Q3 profit declined despite the popularity of Guitar Hero.
• Blackboard Inc. (NASDAQ: BBBB) said Q3 revenue surged and its offered impressive cash flow numbers.
• Boston Beer Co. Inc. (NYSE: SAM) easily beat Q3 earnings estimates and raised its full-year guidance.
• Cisco Systems Inc. (NASDAQ: CSCO) lower Q1 results topped estimates and sent shares higher.
• Cognizant Technology Solutions Inc. (NASDAQ: CTSH) was upgraded following its strong Q3 results.
• Corporate Executive Board (NASDAQ: EXBD) received an analyst's upgrade following the Q3 results.

Halloween, though not the blockbuster holiday that Christmas is, still results in some additional spending on the part of consumers as they stock up on candy and costumes, and maybe take in a scary movie or two. With those treats in mind here are some stocks that may give investors sweet dreams -- and hopefully not nightmares.

As is well known, candy is all the rage at Halloween, and among the largest candy stocks are Hershey Co. (NYSE: HSY) and Cadbury PLC (NYSE: CBY). Last week, Hershey reported third-quarter earnings rose 30% despite weaker volumes affected by higher prices for its sweets. Last year's numbers also included special charges. Still the company said it expects full-year earnings to be ahead of Wall Street forecasts. In 2010, the Pennsylvania company said it expects earnings excluding items to rise 6% to 8%. The stock has a forward-looking price-to-earnings ratio of 16 and a current dividend yield of 3.1%.

Hershey (NYSE: HSY) had a more than acceptable third quarter in terms of bottom-line growth, but it looks like the market couldn't care less. As I write this, shares of the candy company are trading down 4.4% in the afternoon session, on extremely sweet volume (and by sweet, I mean bad).

On an adjusted basis, Hershey increased per-share profit by 14% to 73 cents. According to Earnings.com, analysts were only expecting 67 cents per share. Hey, what's going on? The Dow and the S&P 500 are in the green, and the NASDAQ is only down slightly. Shouldn't investors be happy with results like these?

Earlier today, the Street was abuzz with rumors that Kraft Foods (NYSE: KFT) was investigating the sale of brands such as Maxwell House and Oscar Mayer in order to raise capital to up its Cadbury (NYSE: CBY) bid to something a little bit sweeter (and one the confectionery giant might not reject).

Kraft responded to the rumors saying they were just that - unfounded conjecture - and noted that it would not in fact need to ditch hot dogs and coffee for creme eggs and Trident gum. A spokeswoman for the company told Reuters "The financing for this proposal does not require any divestitures." So where did these rumors get started, anyway? Is Kraft protesting too much?

U.S. stock futures climbed significantly higher Tuesday morning as investors returned from a long holiday weekend to digest news that Cadbury rejected an unsolicited bid of $16.7 billion from Kraft Foods (KFT).

Deal news always perks up markets, especially with large deals that could get larger. Kraft (KFT) has offered to buy Cadbury at a 31% premium to what mounts to $16.75 billion. Cadbury shares shot up more than the premium, indicating a sweetened bid is expected to come soon from Kraft or other players such as Hershey (HSY), Nestle or PepsiCo (PEP). Some expect Cadbury to eventually fetch $21-22 billion.

Over the past year, M&A has been on a starvation diet. Then again, with a terrible recession and credit crunch, what do you expect?

Yet, while it is still toot soon to tell, there are signs that things are beginning to improve. Just look at what's cooking between Kraft Foods (NYSE: KFT) and Cadbury (NYSE: CBY). Both global giants are involved in, well, an M&A food fight.

Quietly, chocolate companies have been snapping up little makers of organic and fair trade chocolate; Cadbury, PLC (NYSE: CBY) started the trend by buying Green and Black's in 2005, and then Hershey (NYSE: HSY) jumped on the bandwagon, buying Dagoba Organic Chocolate in 2006.

Since then, fairly traded and organic chocolate bars have become more and more popular among consumers; while exact numbers are hard to find, organic chocolate sales have more than quadrupled since 2000 and were $94 million in 2007. Fair trade chocolate sales have been nearly doubling on a year-over-year basis since 2000.

Shares of Hershey Co. (NYSE: HSY) have jumped more than 6% on the news of the $23 billion takeover of Wm. J. Wrigley Co. (NYSE: WWY) by Mars Inc. and Warren Buffett's Berkshire Hathaway Inc. (NYSE: BRK.A) as investors bet that the maker of the eponymous chocolate bar won't stay independent for long.

Hershey, though, is a basket case thanks to soaring commodity costs and hopefully the growing interest in healthier eating. That will heighten the pressure on Hershey management to do a deal with Cadbury Schweppes Plc. or find another sugar daddy (pun intended).

The case for a merger between Cadbury and Hershey are pretty compelling as Reuters notes.

"The deal would have clear strategic logic, as Cadbury, the world's biggest confectionery group, lacks presence in the U.S. chocolate market, while Hershey is looking to expand overseas," according to the news service.

During the first quarter earnings conference call, Chief Executive David West sounded upbeat, saying the company was "making progress, while it is slower than we would like, we do see the initial signs of improving marketplace trends." He has high hopes for new products such as the Hershey Bliss. Investors, though, may not be patient.

The Hershey Trust Co., the chocolate company's largest shareholder, has resisted buyout offers in the past from Wrigley and has vowed to keep the company independent. You have to figure that the trust's board will change its tune at the right price.

MOST NOTEWORTHY: Cadbury Schweppes, the food sector, Marsh & McLennan, Broadcom and Danone were today's noteworthy downgrades:

• Bear Stearns downgraded Cadbury Schweppes Plc (NYSE: CSG) shares to Underperform from Peer Perform as they are less confident the company will achieve its objective of divesting its beverage business at a reasonable price before the end of 2008.
  
• Bear downgraded the food group to Market Weight from Overweight based on valuations and macro economic trends. The firm downgraded Dean Foods Company (NYSE: DF) and Kellogg Company (NYSE: K) to Peer Perform from Outperform.
  
• JP Morgan downgraded shares of Marsh & McLennan Companies Inc (NYSE: MMC) to Neutral from Overweight citing management turnover which will impact the company's operating turnovers.
  
• JMP Securities downgraded Broadcom Corporation (NASDAQ: BRCM) to Market Perform from Outperform on valuation.
  
• Bear Stearns downgraded Groupe Danone (OTC: GDNNY) to Peer Perform from Outperform due to near-term headwinds; the firm prefers Nestle SA (OTC: NSRGY).

OTHER DOWNGRADES:

• Morgan Stanley downgraded the U.S. mortgage finance stocks to In Line from Attractive.
  
• Keefe Bruyette downgraded Legg Mason Inc (NYSE: LM) to Market Perform from Outperform.
  
• MercadoLibre Inc (NASDAQ: MELI) was downgraded at Merrill Lynch to Neutral from Buy.
  
• Oppenheimer downgraded Michael Baker Corporation (AMEX: BKR) to Neutral from Buy.

MAJOR PAPERS:

• Warren Buffett's Berkshire Hathaway Inc (NYSE: BRK.A) acquired a stake in Kraft Foods Inc (NYSE: KFT) that was below 5%, the Wall Street Journal (subscription required) reported.
• R.H. Donnelley Corporation (NYSE: RHD) has paid about $350M for Business.com, the marketing directory Web company, beating out Dow Jones & Co. (NYSE: DJ) and the New York Times Company (NYSE: NYT) in the process, according to the Wall Street Journal.
• Callaway Golf Company (NYSE: ELY), which closed Wednesday at about $17.42, could swing lower as the peak summer season wanes amid continued concern about overall consumer discretionary spending, according to Barron's Online's (subscription required) "Weekday Trader" section.

OTHER PAPERS:

• The U.K. Times reported that the global debt market crisis may delay or cancel the sale of Cadbury Schweppes plc's (NYSE: CSG) U.S. drinks arm.
• Coca-Cola (NYSE: KO), Wipro Limited (NYSE: WIT) and Danone are in talks with Ramesh Chauhan to buy Bisleri, the bottled water brand that has become a generic name for the product category, reported the Economic Times.

MOST NOTEWORTHY: Cadbury Schweppes plc (CSG), Adobe Systems (ADBE), Verizon Communications (VZ) and Arcelor-Mittal (MT) were today's noteworthy downgrades:

• Citigroup downgraded shares of Cadbury Schweppes (NYSE: CSG) to Hold from Buy as they see limited upside now that the company is close to divesting its beverage division.

• Adobe (NASDAQ: ADBE) was cut to Neutral from Buy at Goldman and was removed from the Americas Buy List as they do not believe revenue growth will significantly top 17% this year and may not meet investors high expectations.

• Soleil downgraded shares of Verizon Communications (NYSE: VZ) to Sell from Hold on valuation as they think the stock is trading near the high end of a reasonable trading range. They believe shares are due for a 10%-15% correction.

• Merrill expects carbon steel prices to come under pressure in Q3, sending Arcelor-Mittal (NYSE: MT) shares to Neutral from Buy...

OTHER DOWNGRADES:

• Lehman cut Human Genome Sciences (NASDAQ: HGSI), Millennium Pharmaceuticals (NASDAQ: MLNM) and Biogen Idec Inc (NASDAQ: BIIB) to Equal Weight from Overweight.

• Stifel cut U.S. Xpress Enterprises (NASDAQ: XPRSA) to Hold from Buy.

• Calyon downgraded SkyWest, Inc (NASDAQ: SKYW) to Neutral from Buy.

Analyst summaries provided by TheFlyOnTheWall.com (subscription required).

Here is proof that if you mention enough possible outcomes, some of them will come true and you will look like a genius. Okay, maybe not, but anyway, Cadbury Schweppes plc (NYSE: CSG) released its Confectionery Strategy press release. Here are the two most important details found in it:

• Conveniently buried in the release, which quickly became the headline, was the 15% job reduction -- or about 7,500 layoffs. The company added that it would look to close 15% of its confectionery factories by 2011 as part of an austerity plan. These steep cuts are expected to save the company up to an estimated GBP300M.
• Also of note, after receiving "expressions of interest," the company said it would most likely sell its American business unit rather than demerge it.

The news dropped the stock about half a percent today to 55.75 in midday trading, which I find kind of surprising since both items are positive, at least for the company's costs. This may just be a case where the action -- while drastic -- was still not enough to satisfy investors, who possibly expected a more earthshaking announcement.

Tomorrow morning, confectionary company Cadbury Schweppes plc (NYSE: CSG) will update its investors on a slate of issues that range from a spin-off of its U.S. drinks unit to taking austerity measures to cut costs. Cadbury is trying to recover from a salmonella scare last year, declines in its U.K. chocolate market share, and an increase in the cost of raw materials.

An overview of what could be discussed:

• Sale of U.S. drinks business: The company is expected to announce a sale of its U.S. drinks business, which includes 7-Up and Snapple. The New York Times reported that it is currently unclear which bidder is in the lead for the unit - bids came from a group led by Cott, a consortium that included Thomas H. Lee Partners and TPG and a third consortium led by Blackstone Group and KKR. Other possible candidates for the unit could include The Hershey Company (NYSE: HSY) or Tootsie Roll Industries Inc (NYSE: TR), in a deal that could value the unit as high as $16B. Other sources believe Kraft Foods Inc (NYSE: KFT) and Wm. Wrigley Jr. Company (NYSE: WWY) could be potential bidders; Kraft, JP Morgan believes, would have an edge over Wrigley due to greater funding, flexibility and synergies.

MOST NOTEWORTHY: New York Times Co (NYT), New York Community Bancorp, Inc (NYB), Cadbury Schweppes plc (CSG), International Paper Co (IP) and TurboChef Technologies, Inc (OVEN) were today's noteworthy upgrades:

• JP Morgan upgraded shares of the New York Times Co (NYSE: NYT) to Neutral from Underweight to reflect easier advertising sales comparisons the rest of the year and the possibility for a stepped-up buyback program.

• Friedman Billings upgraded New York Community Bancorp (NYSE: NYB) to Market Perform from Underperform with an $18 target.

• Bernstein upgraded shares of Cadbury Schweppes (NYSE: CSG) to Outperform from Market Perform and revised its sum-of-the-parts and "real options" analysis. The firm still sees major upside and limited downside at these levels.

• Matrix believes higher selling prices and lower costs are improving profit margins at International Paper (NYSE: IP).

• TurboChef Technologies (NASDAQ: OVEN) was upgraded to Sector Perform from Underperform following Q1 results...

OTHER UPGRADES:

• Citigroup upgraded H.J. Heinz Co (NYSE: HNZ) to Buy from Hold with a $52 target.

• AG Edwards raised Corporate Office Properties Trust (NYSE: OFC) to Buy from Hold.

• Baird transitioned coverage of Pike Electric Corp (NYSE: PEC) with an Outperform rating, up from Neutral.

• Medical Properties Trust, Inc (NYSE: MPW) was upgraded to Buy from Hold at Stifel.

• Buckingham raised Eaton Corp (NYSE: ETN) to Strong Buy from Accumulate.

Analyst summaries provided by TheFlyOnTheWall.com (subscription required).