Here it is in a nutshell: Prices of grains and cotton have skyrocketed year to date. The United States Department of Agriculture's (USDA) report released Thursday stated that corn and wheat prices have doubled in the past year. Soybeans were up 50% and cotton was up 155%, as reported in the Wall Street Journal.

What has caused these sharp increases? The key mover has been exports. China, India and countries in the Mideast are stockpiling grains over fears that they will not have enough to feed their people. Corn in storage fell 15% on March 1. Corn has been hit doubly hard because 40% of it is used for ethanol production and a large amount goes for livestock feed.

This year get ready to open your wallet wider and expect higher credit card bills for the basics like food, clothing and energy. You are probably wondering what is going on. While you weren't paying much attention, the price raw commodities surged in 2010. Corn, sugar, wheat, cotton, coffee and soybeans prices soared last year, as reported in the Wall Street Journal.

A confluence of factors pushed prices up. We had and still have demand explosion from China and India. The United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization's monthly food index which monitors a basket of commodities including meat, dairy and sugar rose for the sixth straight month to a record.

The next year may bring higher global grain prices. Several factors are coming together to create supply-demand shortages. Let's first look at the demand side.

Globally, the demand for grains, both feed and consumer products, is increasing rapidly. Developing countries are coming out of the recession and their people are demanding more food products. Food prices are rising across the globe. A Wall Street Journal (subscription required) article states that the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization said its Food Price Index rose 3.7% to 205 -- 44 points in November -- the fifth straight monthly increase. This takes the index to just 8 points below its peak in June 2008.

Reuters quoted Federal Reserve Chairman Ben Bernanke as saying: "We're not in the business of trying to create inflation. Our purpose is to provide additional stimulus to help the economy recover and to avoid potentially additional disinflation, which I think we'll all agree could also be worrisome."

Bernanke claims that inflation is below the Fed's 2% target. That's hogwash! Sure if you use the "core" CPI, which leaves out food and energy, that may be the case. Not to worry.

One of the broadest measures for commodity prices is the 19-commodities Reuters-Jefferies CRB Index. For October, the index was up 4.8% after an 8.5% gain in September, as reported in Investors.com.

Sugar and cotton started the trend, rising more than 20% each. Corn was up 17% and arabica coffee rose 11%.

Corn futures continued their spectacular rally. In the past four days, December corn futures have risen from $4.88 to $5.44 per bushel (each penny equals $50).

Even though we have a good corn crop this year, the situation next year will be much worse. The U.S. government said that leftover supplies will fall to a 15-year low, as reported in the Financial Times.

From 2007 to 2008, grain prices shot up to all-time highs when talk of a worldwide food crisis occurred. Now again, the same dynamics are beginning to formulate.

What is the connection between feeder cattle and corn? Feeder cattle are placed on feed lots to fatten up before slaughter. Their weight gain is between 800 to 1,200 pounds each. The biggest expense for feedlot owners is grain. Corn is used as the main feed grain. Therefore if corn prices drop, feedlot owners pay less for feed and consequently will reap higher profits.

What kicked off the drop in corn prices was a report by the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) that inventories before harvest were the highest in four years, as reported in Businessweek. That news hit the corn market hard. December corn futures traded at $4.95 per bushel, down 9.4 cents.

Rumors move markets, especially the commodity markets. The story of the day is a rumor that corn yields will be lower than forecast. The United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) originally forecast corn yields to be 165 bushels per acre. However, with the weather being hotter and drier east of the Mississippi, yields could come in lower, as reported by the Associated Press.

That sparked a rally in corn futures with the December contract up 17 cents to $4.64 per bushel (each one cent equals $50). Wheat prices are benefiting from the drought in Russia and Russia's export ban. December wheat futures shot up 27.5 cents to $7.41 per bushel. Soybeans also were higher by 26 cents to $10.35 per bushel for the November contract.

Commodities often move counter to the U.S. dollar. The dollar is selling down, mainly because of the European Union agreement to support Greece.

Grain traders, seeing the weaker dollar moved in on the buy side of wheat and soybeans. Here are prices as of 9:30 EDT:

Why are corn futures down so much? It seems that two factors converged to drive the price down by 49 cents to $3.76 per bushel this week: The first is supply and the second is reduced shipment.

On the supply side, the Department of Agriculture issued its report of crop production on January 12. The nation's harvest was estimated to be 13.151 billion bushels, up 8.8% from a year ago. And that's not all, global supplies will add to the pricing pressure as global supplies of corn, wheat, rice and soybeans are expected to be up 8.3%, to the highest level since 2002.

Prices could drop even further after the Brazil and Argentina harvests, due to start next month.

Why did this happen? Berry and Rees reported that today the Agriculture Department released its report on corn plantings which forecast 87.035 million acres up from 85.982 million acres planted in 2008. More acres mean more corn and more corn means lower prices.