One aspect of globalization -- basically free markets and the transfer of jobs to lower labor cost production centers -- that remains a high research priority for many economists studying markets is consumer spending. Or, more specifically, where are all the new, international consumers going to come from?

That's because the world in this early stage of the globalization era has an abundance of manufacturers and producers, but it hasn't identified where all the new shoppers will come from for the increased amount of goods.

Dr. Doom is back. Last week, New York University economist Nouriel Roubini decided to speak out about the current economic recovery, warning that it cannot last. I'm not quite sure how this blog missed my radar screen, so I must thank Robert J. Samuelson for bringing it to my attention yesterday.

Roubini contends that while there was a massive rally in "all sorts of risky assets" has caused the dollar had weakened sharply and government bond yields have "increased but stayed low and stable." These risky assets that Roubini discusses are equities, oil, energy, and commodity. Dr. Doom believes that the prices for these risky assets have risen too far and too fast compared to macroeconomic fundamentals.

Export orders were on the rise in October in China, suggesting a strengthening recovery and an opportunity to cut back on stimulus spending. The manufacturing measure grew at its fastest rate in the past year and a half, according to the HSBC (NYSE: HBC) purchasing managers' index. It increased to a seasonally adjusted 55.4 from 55 in September.

If you're looking for a reason behind the gain, it's all in the flow of capital. In addition to the government's economic stimulus package, $1.27 trillion in new loans were written to help deliver the country from the global financial crisis.

Consumer spending had its largest fall this year, thanks to the end of the "Cash for Clunkers" program. And, incomes were flat. No change to the money coming in and a drop in the cash going out translates to an impediment to economic recovery.

In September, consumer spending fell 0.5%, the first decline in five months and the worst in nine. Wages and salaries dropped 0.2%, effectively offsetting the 0.2% up-tick in August. The economy did grow in the third quarter of 2009, hinting that the worst recession in 70 years may be coming to a close, but the tough September suggests we still have some work in front of us.

CNNMoney reports that after $150 billion in stimulus spending, tens of thousands of states, cities, and private companies have saved or created 650,000 jobs. At $230,769 per job, is that worth it?

The answer depends on whose side you're on. Those who want the president to fail are not thrilled, those who want to work and/or want him to succeed can feel some satisfaction.

It appears that the U.S. economy may finally be dragging itself out of the economic doldrums. At least, that is what the third-quarter Gross Domestic Product indicates. The GDP showed that the U.S. economy grew at a 3.5% annual pace in the third quarter, snapping a four-quarter contraction streak.

The growth is attributed to the massive government stimulus, which led to higher consumer spending. In addition, a reduction in inventories and robust government spending helped spur growth in the third quarter. But even excluding the influence of auto sales, production and inventories, the economy grew 1.9 percent last quarter.

Do you see a rebound?

The Mall of America would be a great practice field for the Minnesota Vikings, fall and winter clothes are already 40% off at Macy's, and the Palms in Vegas is mailing me coupons.

Recently, I went out to eat with some friends: One owns a construction business that has come to a standstill; two are media types out of work; and one is the owner of a small manufacturing company, who is laying people off as fast as she can and is now worried about her own survival. And I'm sure you've heard similar tales of woes from your family, friends and neighbors.

Historically, the Fed has lowered interest rates to spur spending and investment.

Well, the Fed has already cut interest rates to banks down to essentially zero. The media are screaming about potential inflation due to the trillion dollars the Fed put into the system, but that trillion has simply replaced the trillion written down by the banks, which have another trillion and a half in write-downs to go.

In the past, the government has increased spending and cut taxes to spur spending during times of economic crisis.

However, Uncle Sam is now in so much debt that this is no longer a serious option. And it looks like we are going to spend another $900 billion-plus on health care reform over 10 years (a lot of money, sure, but about a third less than what Wall Street will spend on bonuses).

Businesses do not see a turnaround in 2010. Even with public figures talking up the economy (and who can blame them, it's practically in their job description) businesses are not listening. If consumers aren't spending, why should businesses?

For example, Intel (NASDAQ: INTC) said the year will close strong, although it still will be down compared to 2008. This end-of-the-year optimism is being driven by a once-in-five-year change in the Windows operating system -- something that should have created booming demand, not a modest uptick.

Excess capacity is everywhere -- we have more than enough people, factories, stores, and so on to meet current demand.

Want to buy an indoor mall? You can get one in North Myrtle Beach for $3.3 million -- less than the previous value of many homes in that area.

By year-end 2009, we will see a more than $4 trillion pullback in credit lines. And we are a country that runs on credit. In fact, the entire growth in consumer spending from 1997 to 2008 was paid for with home equity lines and credit cards.

Credit standards are already impossibly high. My credit lines literally shrink every month because I do not use them. But what if I needed them? And I almost couldn't get a lease for a new car even though I have never missed a bill payment. The majority of people cannot borrow money and, therefore, cannot spend. This will not change in 2010.

Next: Reason #6: Excess capacity

Not only are consumers not spending, their actual attitudes toward spending have changed.

Even for the six people on the block who are flush with cash, frugality is the new chic. My neighbors, high-end Saab and Volkswagen types, just bought a Kia Sportage for their daughter (nice car, by the way).

A fear of a loss of income will continue to squelch consumer spending. Most people I know are fearful about their futures -- i.e., losing their jobs or seeing a cut in commissions, profits, or wages. This means they will hang on to their pennies in 2010.

Bottom line: Consumers drive 70% of GDP, and a meaningful recovery will not happen without their dollars.

Next: Reason #4: Changing consumer attitudes

The pundits on CNBC get all giggly when we lose "only" 550,000 jobs -- a true sign of the times. Uber analyst Meredith Whitney, one of the few people on Wall Street who has been worth listening to during the past three years, is forecasting 13% unemployment in 2010 or 2011.

Officially, unemployment currently stands at 9.8%. But if you add in part-time workers wanting more work and the people who are so discouraged they have stopped looking, the number is a shocking 20%.