Analyst upgrades:

• Wells Fargo upgraded Prudential (PRU) to outperform from market perform. The firm thinks the company is in a better position than its peers and will be able to more effectively exploit M&A opportunities.
• UBS upgraded Reliance Steel (RS) to buy from neutral based on potential growth through M&A and valuation. The firm raised its target to $50 from $49.
• Deutsche Bank upgraded Eastman Chemical (EMN) to buy from hold on expectations the company's portfolio transformation will drive higher normalized earnings power, which the firm believes is not fully reflected in consensus estimates. Deutsche raised its target price on shares to $70 from $62.
• Amylin Pharma (AMLN) was upgraded to overweight from equal weight at Barclays.
• Cephalon (CEPH) was upgraded to buy from hold at Jefferies.
• Acuity Brands (AYI) was upgraded to outperform from perform at Oppenheimer.

Analyst upgrades:

• UBS upgraded Kansas City Southern (NYSE:KSU) to Buy from Neutral and lowered its target to $26 from $35 citing valuation.
  
• Gabelli upgraded Media General (NYSE:MEG) to Hold from Sell because the firm thinks that Harbinger Capital has sold most of its shares in the company. As a result, the firm thinks the stock will be under less selling pressure.
  
• Eagle Bulk Shipping (NASDAQ:EGLE) was upgraded to Neutral from Underperform at Merrill Lynch.
• Centene (NYSE:CNC) was raised to Buy from Neutral at Goldman.
  
• Ralcorp (NYSE:RAH) was upgraded at Credit Suisse to Outperform from Neutral.
  
• Interpublic Group (NYSE:IPG) was upgraded to Equal Weight from Underweight at Morgan Stanley.

• Keefe Bruyette downgraded Healthcare Realty(NYSE:HR) to Market Perform from Outperform on concerns the company's development activity could be dilutive to near-term earnings.
  
• Citigroup downgraded Satyam (NYSE:SAY) to Sell from Buy as they believe the company's acquisition plans, and subsequent cancellation of the deals, will lessen investor confidence in the name.
  
• Oppenheimer downgraded Apple (NASDAQ:AAPL) to Perform from Outperform citing Steve Jobs cancellation of his annual key note speech at Macworld on January 6. The analyst said the unexpected announcement underscores Apple's long-term dependence on Job's health and its lack of succession plan.
• Baird downgraded Carlisle NYSE:CSL)to Neutral from Outperform.
  
• Gibraltar Industries (NASDAQ:ROCK) was downgraded at Piper Jaffray to Sell from Buy.
  
• NetApp (NASDAQ:NTAP) was cut to Accumulate from Buy at ThinkPanmure.

• Citigroup believes the acquisition of Barr enhances Teva's (NASDAQ:TEVA) growth. The firm started shares with a Buy rating and $52 target.
  
• Suntrust initiated American Express (NYSE:AXP) with a Reduce citing slowing growth and greater-than-industry deterioration in credit quality.
  
• Roth Capital initiated The Buckle (NYSE:BKE) with a Hold rating and $17 target citing the deteriorating macro environment.
• Amazon.com (NASDAQ:AMZN) and Allegheny Tech (NYSE:ATI) were assumed with Neutral ratings and targets of $52 and $26, respectively, at UBS.
  
• Digital Realty (NYSE:DLR) was initiated at Piper Jaffray with a Buy rating.
  
• Mylan (NYSE:MYL) was started with an Overweight rating and $15 target at JP Morgan.

• Whole Foods (NASDAQ: WFMI) was upgraded to Neutral from Sell at UBS.
  
• Archer Daniels Midland (NYSE: ADM) was upgraded to Equal Weight from Underweight at Barclays.
• AutoZone (NYSE: AZO) was raised to Buy from Neutral at Merrill Lynch.
• B. Riley upgraded S&T Bancorp (NASDAQ: STBA) to Buy from Neutral and lowered its target to $35 from $38 on valuation, as they believe the sell-off post-Q3 results is overdone.
  
• Jefferies upgraded GSI Commerce (NASDAQ: GSIC) to Buy from Hold on valuation after Q4 revenue guidance was reset lower. The firm lowered their target to $13 from $18.
  
• JP Morgan upgraded shares of DHT Maritime (NYSE: DHT) and General Maritime (NYSE: GMR) to Overweight from Neutral on the company's valuation and dividend stability.

• HSBC cut Prudential (NYSE: PUK) to Neutral from Overweight as they believe capital has eroded and debt refinancing is increasingly difficult.
  
• Freeport McMoRan (NYSE: FCX) was downgraded to Neutral from Buy at Goldman.
  
• Logitech (NASDAQ: LOGI) was lowered to Hold from Buy at Citigroup and to Neutral from Outperform at Credit Suisse.

In this series, we take a look at the 25 stocks on the S&P 500 Index (SPX) that have turned in the worst performance during the past decade -- what went wrong, and what happens next.

New York-based Interpublic Group of Companies (NYSE: IPG) is a marketing services firm, but they're not your average PR hucksters. Flip through IPG's resume, and you'll find that they were once tapped as the "brand steward" for Coca-Cola Classic. Is there a more solemn task in the world of marketing? Perhaps -- Coke also handed IPG the reins on Cherry Coke, but jealously guarded its Sprite brand from the mega-marketer's grasp.

What went wrong? At number 22 on our list of SPX underperformers, IPG lost 72% of its value from June 30, 1998 through June 30, 2008. The worst of the stock's woes occurred during the first several years after the turn of the millennium. A broad economic slowdown led many clients to trim their spending on advertising, and -- as one of four "megacompanies" that essentially ruled Madison Avenue -- IPG couldn't help but feel the pinch.

Even as the marketing behemoth faced down this fundamental challenge, an accounting fiasco caused the company to restate six years' worth of financial results. Interpublic soon found itself facing a formal investigation by the Securities and Exchange Commission, along with an IRS audit over the small matter of $41.5 million in unpaid taxes.

MOST NOTEWORTHY:

• Jefferies believes British Sky Broadcasting's (NYSE:BSY) exposure to discretionary household expenditure seems more dangerous than it is. Shares were initiated with a Buy rating.
  
• Oppenheimer assumed ReneSola (NYSE: SOL) with a Perform rating and said it is waiting for margins to re-accelerate before becoming more constructive on shares.
  
• Chordiant Software (NASDAQ: CHRD) was initiated at B. Riley with a Buy rating and $7 target and believes the recent sell-off is overdone.

• JMP Securities initiated American Capital (NASDAQ:AGNC) with an Outperform rating and $23 target.
  
• UBS assumed Omnicom Group (NASDAQ: OMC) and Interpublic Group (NYSE: IPG) with Neutral ratings and targets of $50 and $9.50, respectively.
  
• Real Goods Solar (NASDAQ: RSOL) was assumed at Broadpoint with a Buy rating and $10 target.

MOST NOTEWORTHY:

• JMP Securities said Monogram Biosciences (NASDAQ: MGRM) has a broad platform enabling it to develop multiple personalized medicine product offerings and has significant growth prospects from its HIV diagnostic business and its diagnostic test in oncology. Shares were initiated with an Outperform rating and $3.50 target.
  
• Jefferies assumed Interpublic Group (NYSE: IPG) with a Buy rating and $11 target. The firm believes the current valuation does not reflect the company's turnaround, which they believe is gaining traction.
  
• Friedman Billings initiated Blue Coat Systems (NASDAQ: BCSI) with a Market Perform rating and $18 target. The firm prefers to wait on the sidelines given the near-term headwinds from a difficult spending environment in North America and integration risks from the Packeteer acquisition.

• American Capital (NASDAQ: AGNC) was initiated at Merrill with a Buy rating and at RBC Capital with an Outperform rating and $32 target.
  
• UBS assumed Quality Systems (NASDAQ: QSII) with a Buy rating and $39 target.
• HSBC initiated Daimler AG (NYSE: DAI) with an Overweight rating.

MOST NOTEWORTHY:

• Goldman upgraded the U.S. Semiconductor Sector, including Intel (NASDAQ: INTC) and SanDisk (NASDAQ: SNDK) to Attractive from Neutral. The firm believes semi fundamentals are poised to improve in 2H08 and that valuations are reasonable.
  
• Wachovia upgraded Teekay Offshore (NYSE: TOO) to Outperform from Market Perform based on valuation and increased distribution growth outlook following the acquisition of an additional 25% ownership interest in Teekay Offshore Operating, L.P.
  
• Merriman upgraded shares of Oplink Communications (NASDAQ: OPLK) to Buy from Neutral as it believes the company is an attractive takeover target following the Finisar (NASDAQ: FNSR) and Optium (NASDAQ: OPTM) merger, given its low-cost Chinese manufacturing capacity and attractive $140M cash balance.

• Goldman upgraded Amazon.com (NASDAQ: AMZN) to Buy from Neutral and added shares to its Conviction Buy List.
  
• William Blair raised Interpublic Group (NYSE: IPG) to Outperform from Market Perform.
  
• Citigroup upgraded Texas Instruments (NYSE: TXN) to Buy from Hold.

MOST NOTEWORTHY:

• Lehman initiated the Retail Hardlines Sector with a Neutral. The firm initiated coverage of Home Depot (NYSE: HD) and Lowe's (NYSE: LOW) with Overweight ratings and Best Buy (NYSE: BBY), Bed Bath & Beyond (NASDAQ: BBBY) and Williams Sonoma (NYSE: WSM) with Equal Weight ratings.
  
• Oppenheimer initiated Aventine Renewable (NYSE: AVR), Pacific Ethanol (NASDAQ: PEIX) and VeraSun Energy (NYSE: VSE) with Perform ratings. The firm is cautious on the industry due to higher feedstock costs.
  
• UBS initiated Interpublic Group (NYSE: IPG) and Omnicom Group (NYSE:OMC) with Buy ratings and an $11 target and $62 target, respectively. The firm views valuation as attractive.

• Morgan Stanley assumed coverage of International Flavors (NYSE: IFF) with an Overweight rating.
  
• Wachovia initiated CGI Group (NYSE: GIB) with a Market Perform rating.
  
• Leap Wireless (LEAP) was initiated at RBC Capital with a Sector Perform rating and $55 target.

Dell (NASDAQ: DELL) is set to trust most of its advertising and marketing to WPP, the big ad agency conglomerate based in the UK. The move is a blow to Interpublic (NYSE: IPG), which had been working to get the account.

The relationship between the PC company and ad agency will be set up as a partnership. The Wall Street Journal writes, "Sir Martin Sorrell, chief executive of WPP, said it would take WPP and Dell roughly three to six months to build the new firm, which will start with about 1,000 employees. Dell management around the world will have to give up local ad ties."

But, the manner in which the deal was cut says a lot about what is wrong with Dell. Picking the new agency took almost three quarters. And it will take almost another quarter to set it up. That means that the PC company's marketing plans will have been in flux for almost a year. With all of Dell's problems, the company can hardly afford to spread significant decisions over such a long period.

It is good that Dell has finally made a decision, but it is very bad that it does not have processes in place to speed getting to the finish line on such critical problems.

Douglas A. McIntyre is an editor at 247wallst.com

MOST NOTEWORTHY:

• Deutsche Bank downgraded shares of Momenta Pharmaceuticals Inc (NASDAQ: MNTA) to Hold from Buy and lowered their target to $6 following the FDA's non-approvable letter for M-Enox.
• Banc of America downgraded shares of The Interpublic Group of Companies Inc (NYSE: IPG) to Neutral from Buy to reflect the economic uncertainty and concerns regarding the company's relative revenue growth.
• Lionbridge Technologies Inc (NASDAQ: LIOX) was downgraded to Sell from Neutral at Goldman Sachs following disappointing Q3 results and guidance.
• Credit Suisse downgraded PetroChina Company Limited (NYSE: PTR) to Underperform from Neutral based on lack of catalysts.
• Jefferies lowered its rating on Collagenex Pharmaceuticals Inc (NASDAQ: CGPI) to Hold from Buy to reflect a lack of near-term catalysts given the company's thin pipeline.

• JP Morgan removed Cognizant Technology Solutions Corporation (NASDAQ: CTSH) from its Focus List and downgraded Performance Food Group Company (NASDAQ: PFGC) to Underweight from Overweight.
• Friedman Billings downgraded Charlotte Russe Holding Inc (NASDAQ: CHIC) to Market Perform from Outperform.
• Jefferies downgraded Forest Oil Corporation (NYSE: FST) to Hold from Buy.

• Jefferies upgraded shares of Clearwire Corporation (NASDAQ: CLWR) to Buy from Hold on valuation as they believe the stock is trading as if the Sprint Nextel Corporation (NYSE: S) deal is off. Jefferies thinks the Sprint/Clearwire deal is still in the best interest of both companies.
  
• Deutsche Bank upgraded shares of Citrix Systems (NASDAQ: CTXS) to Buy from Hold, as they believe the contribution from XenSource beginning in Q4 could be better than expected.
  
• UBS upgraded shares of Altria Group (NYSE: MO) citing stronger Q3 International results and potential share repurchases. Shares were upgraded to Buy from Neutral.
  
• Piper Jaffray raised shares of Overstock.com (NASDAQ: OSTK) to Market Perform from Underperform, as they are incrementally more positive on shares following the company's Q3 upside. They believe the company has turned the corner on profitability.
  
• Bear Stearns upgraded shares of Interpublic Group (NYSE: IPG) to Outperform from Peer Perform on valuation and expectations for improved performance in 2008.

• Morgan Stanley upgraded Walgreen (NYSE: WAG) to Overweight from Equal Weight.
  
• Friedman Billings raised its rating on IMS Health (NYSE: RX) to Outperform from Market Perform.
  
• JP Morgan upgraded Stericycle (NASDAQ: SRCL) to Overweight from Neutral.
  
• Citigroup upgraded Xerox Corporation (NYSE: XRX) to Hold from Sell.
  
• RadiSys Corporation (NASDAQ: RSYS) was upgraded to Buy from Hold at Cantor.

MOST NOTEWORTHY:

• Kevin Dann initiated shares of Penske Automotive Group Inc (NYSE: PAG) with a Buy rating and $25 target. The firm believes shares deserve a higher multiple given the company's reduced exposure to slower growing domestic brands combined with the increased penetration o luxury as a percentage of industry sales.
  
• CarMax Inc (NYSE: KMX) was also initiated at Kevin Dann with a Buy rating and $28 target, as they expect the multiple expansion to continue as confidence builds in the company's sales and expense strategy.
  
• Think Equities started shares of Towerstream Corporation (NASDAQ: TWER) with a Buy rating and $5 target and said the company is rapidly growing given robust demand fro high bandwidth services, market expansion, sales force growth, and higher ARPU services.
  
• Barrington believes Solera Holdings Inc (NYSE: SLH) is positioned to capture growth through technology adoption in claims processing by insurance companies, starting shares off with an Outperform rating and $27 target.
  
• Jefferies resumed coverage of Northstar Neuroscience Inc (NASDAQ: NSTR) with a Buy rating and $21 target, as they expect the company's Phase III EVEREST trial to yield positive positives, setting the stage for an FDA approval by Q109.

• Friedman Billings started shares of IPG Photonics Corporation (NASDAQ: IPGP) with an Outperform rating and $28 target and added shares to its Top Picks List.
  
• The firm also resumed coverage of Rofin-Sinar Technologies Inc (NASDAQ: RSTI) with an Outperform rating and $92 target.
  
• ABN Amro started China Netcom Group Corporation (NYSE: CN) with a Hold rating and China Mobile Limited (NYSE: CHL) and China Unicom Limited (NYSE: CHU) with Buy ratings.
  
• UBS started RSC Holdings Inc (NYSE: RRR) with a Neutral rating.

MAJOR PAPERS:

• Barron's Online's "Inside Scoop" column reported that from Sept. 19-21, former Wal-Mart Stores Inc (NYSE: WMT) CEO David Glass grossed more than $13.3M by selling 300K Wal-Mart shares on the open market, according to SEC.
• The UAW walked out on General Motors Corporation (NYSE: GM) yesterday because negotiations stalled when the United Auto Workers said they should get some sort of job guarantees from GM, reported the Wall Street Journal.
• The Financial Times reported that BP's (NYSE: BP) Q3 revenue will be "dreadful" and the company will undergo a far-reaching shakeup, BP CEO Tony Hayward has reportedly told his staff.

• Having completed a deal with aQuantive for $6B, Microsoft Corporation (NASDAQ: MSFT) wants to make one more deal this year. The question the New York Post asks is, will it be with Facebook or Yahoo Inc (NASDAQ: YHOO)?
• The Economic Times reported that Reliance Retail is in talks with the Gap Inc (NYSE: GPS) for a franchisee arrangement for Reliance Retail's apparel business.

• According to executives familiar with the review, the winner of Dell Inc's (NASDAQ: DELL) $760M ad account will either be the WPP Group (NASDAQ: WPPGY) or the Interpublic Group of Companies Inc (NYSE: IPG), with the final round of pitches to be made in three weeks, according to AdAge.com.

MOST NOTEWORTHY:

• Orbitz Worldwide (NYSE: OWW) was initiated by a host of firms today:
  
• Thomas Weisel and Morgan Stanley started Orbitz with an Overweight rating.
  
• Pacific Crest and Piper Jaffray started shares with Overweight ratings, and $18 and $16 targets, respectively.
  
• Stifel initiated Orbitz with a Buy rating and $16 target, while JP Morgan started shares with a Neutral rating.

• Citigroup finds the valuation of Agilent (NYSE: A) attractive at current levels and started shares with a Buy rating, They expect a recovery in the company's Electronic Measurement business to drive shares to $43.

• Citigroup initiated National Instruments (NASDAQ: NATI) with a Hold rating and $40 target, saying that shares could suffer if PMI decelerates in 3Q07 or negatively inflects in 1Q08.

• Ametek (NYSE: AME) is is CIBC's top pick in the mid-cap Industrial Diversified area, due to the company's attractive asset portfolio and growth opportunities. CIBC initiated Ametek with a Sector Outperformer rating and $45 target...

• Jefferies initiated WNS Holdings (NYSE: WNS) with a Hold rating.

• Cuisine Solutions (AMEX: FZN) was initiated with a Buy rating at BB&T.

• Gabelli initiated Interpublic Group (AMEX: IPG) with a Buy rating and $19 target.

• Ferris Baker Watts initiated DirecTV (NYSE: DTV) with a Buy rating and $29.50 target.