This post is part of our Big Company, Small Town series, featuring large companies and the small towns in which they are headquartered.

There are probably very few people growing up in North America that have not had Kellogg's (NYSE: K) cereal at some time. I know people that have breakfast cereal for lunch or diner as well. It is the number one U.S. breakfast cereal maker, ahead of General Mills (NYSE: GIS). Among its well-known brands are Frosted Flakes and Rice Krispies.

The company, founded by Keith (W.K.) Kellogg and brother, Dr. John Harvey Kellogg, began with only 44 employees in 1906. Today it employs more than 30,000 people, manufactures in 18 countries, and sells products in more than 180 countries.

Kellogg is a big company in a small town but it is not alone. Battle Creek, Michigan, known as the "Cereal City," is the world headquarters of Kellogg Company and also the home of Post Cereals, which was part of General Foods Corporation and is now part of Kraft Foods (NYSE: KFT). When Kellogg started, there were 42 other cereal companies in Battle Creek.

Food giants General Mills Inc. (NYSE: GIS) and ConAgra Foods Inc. (NYSE: CAG) are scheduled to report fiscal fourth-quarter earnings this week. While cereal-maker General Mills is expected by analysts surveyed by Thomson Financial to post higher profits, frozen-foods packager ConAgra is expected to report a profit decline.

General Mills is expected to report net income of 70 cents per share, up 11.4% from the same period of last year, on revenue of $3.4 billion. The company has tended to provided positive surprises recently -- by eight cents, or 10.4%, in the previous quarter.

Minneapolis-based General Mills is the second largest cereal-maker in the U.S., after Kellogg Co. (NYSE: K). Its other brands include Gold Medal flour, Bisquick, Hamburger Helper, Pop Secret, and Yoplait. The company had revenues in the past year of $12.4 billion and net income $1.1 billion. Its long-term EPS growth forecast is only 8.7%, much less than the industry average but about the same as Kellogg's. The consensus recommendation of analysts remains to buy General Mills.

Shares reached a 52-week high of $63.91 in early June, and closed Monday at $63.40.The share price is up 11.5% since the beginning of the year. It trades at a P/E ratio of 16.60.

General Mills (NYSE: GIS), arch competitor of fellow cereal seller Kellogg (NYSE: K), posted some good news for shareholders on Monday. In an otherwise gloomy day that saw the Dow remain below the 12,000 level and inflationary pressures still exerting a hold over the market, General Mills proved that dividends are at least one island of safety in a sea of trouble.

The company indicated that it will now pay an annual dividend of $1.72 per share. Previously, the annual dividend was set at $1.57 per share. This is a nice example of double-digit appreciation of approximately 10%. Based on Monday's closing price, General Mills' stock now yields a hearty 2.7%.

As a long-term idea, General Mills is certainly one of the best. As I observed with Kellogg, you can put this one on perpetual dollar-cost-averaging. However, with the stock in 52-week-high territory, and with prices for commodities, especially corn, still exerting a negative effect on businesses, I'd be a bit cautious about entering just now. Is it possible one might get General Mills closer to a 3% yield? I can't predict the short-term future, but my gut says that a pullback is inevitable. Even with cool dividend increases, stocks can return to the low end of a 52-week range at any point. Just look at Coca-Cola (NYSE: KO) and the recent pressure its stock has been under. And Coke is a dividend stalwart. Nevertheless, I am bullish on General Mills' future. Just watch out for commodity trends, and perhaps remain patient for better prices on the shares.

Disclosure: I own Coke; positions can change at any time.

Like all processed food producers, Kellogg Company (NYSE: K) is facing rapidly climbing costs for corn, wheat and sugar, the basic building blocks for many of its products. Rather than passing those costs on to consumers in a straightforward manner by raising prices, Kellogg is taking a sneakier route: making some of its cereal boxes smaller while keeping the price the same.

Starting this month, Kellogg will shrink the size of boxes of Apple Jacks, Cocoa Krispies, Corn Pops, Froot Loops and Honey Smacks by an average of 2.4 ounces.

Of course, using this approach is in the end the same as simply raising prices. The key is price per ounce, which goes up whether you reduce quantity or increase price. So although you will pay the same price for a box of these sweet cereals, the per ounce cost of a corn syrup high in the morning will go up.

Even though reducing ounces per box amounts to a price increase, smaller boxes have a different psychological effect than adding a few pennies to the retail price. Food companies use this approach in the hope that most consumers won't notice, and research suggests that this is in fact true.

I suppose this means that most shoppers don't look at the per ounce cost when buying things like cereal. When it comes to inflation, maybe ignorance really is bliss.

Talk about a tough time in the markets. Between the financial crisis and oil prices rising on an almost daily basis, with the Fed damned if it raises rates and damned if it doesn't, the floods in the Midwest are now threatening to make a trip to the supermarket much more expensive. Yes, break out the coupons and pray for sales, because, according to The Wall Street Journal [subscription], food prices are destined for one direction: higher. That's because a lot of farmland has been damaged, throwing the supply-demand dynamic into chaos.

What does this mean for investors? Look for potential pressure on the stocks of companies such as Coca-Cola (NYSE: KO), PepsiCo (NYSE: PEP), Kraft (NYSE: KFT), Kellogg (NYSE: K), General Mills (NYSE: GIS), and Hershey (NYSE: HSY). I happen to own Coke, and I've heard the news reports talking about how higher corn prices will affect Coke and Pepsi because they use corn syrup as an ingredient for their sodas. It's also been pointed out by others that PepsiCo owns Frito-Lay, and since that company manufacturers salty snacks such as Doritos and Tostitos (I love them both), corn prices will also have an impact on that division.

If you're a trader, be wary. We might be in for a rough ride this summer with not only the stocks I've mentioned here, but in a general sense. Since I own Coke, I've been acutely aware of the pullback experienced in that stock as the external pressures surround it. As I write this, the stock is trading at $54.27. The shares were over $65 during their wonderful stay at the 52-week-high suite. So, yes, buyers with short-term mentalities must be wary. However, long-term investors should look upon any pullbacks as potential opportunities for some of these food-selling companies. If you don't intend to trade, then adding to a Coke or Pepsi position might make sense.

Disclosure: I own Coke; positions can change at any time.

MOST NOTEWORTHY: Omnicare, Coca-Cola and OptionXpress were today's noteworthy upgrades:

• Oppenheimer upgraded Omnicare (NYSE: OCR) to Outperform from Perform citing their analysis that indicates the Rx market is stronger than expected in the LTC channel, which is largely overlooked by investors due to the legacy focus on beds. The firm expects solid Q2 results will increase confidence in the company's ability to achieve mid-point or better EPS guidance.
  
• Deutsche upgraded Coca-Cola (NYSE: KO) to Buy from Hold based on favorable currency impact, international growth, and valuation.
  
• OptionXpress (NASDAQ: OXPS) was raised at Merriman to Neutral from Sell as they see little downside to risk estimates, following several rounds of cuts, and valuation.

OTHER UPGRADES:

• Fresh Del Monte (NYSE: FDP) was upgraded to Outperform from Market Perform at Wachovia.
  
• JP Morgan upgraded Kellogg (NYSE: K) to Overweight from Neutral.
  
• Delta Petroleum (NASDAQ: DPTR) and St. Mary Land & Exploration (NYSE: SM) were upgraded at Merrill to Buy from Underperform.

MOST NOTEWORTHY: Airlines, Chelsea Therapeutics and Clearwire were today's noteworthy downgrades:

• Merrill downgraded AMR Corp (NYSE:AMR), Delta Air Lines (NYSE:DAL), Continental Airlines (NYSE:CAL), US Airways (NYSE:LCC) and UAL Corp (NASDAQ:UAUA) to Neutral from Buy citing earnings risk this year from higher energy costs.
  
• Oppenheimer downgraded shares of Chelsea Therapeutics (NASDAQ:CHTP) to Perform from Outperform after their survey suggested physicians believe currently available generic treatments are adequate in neurogenic orthostatic hypotension, which could impact the company's lead drug Droxidopa.
  
• Clearwire (NASDAQ:CLWR) was cut to Sell from Hold at Citigroup on valuation, as they estimate fair value at $13.

OTHER DOWNGRADES:

• Goldman downgraded Kellogg (NYSE:K) to Neutral from Buy and Hershey Foods (NYSE:HSY) to Sell from Neutral.
  
• Piper lowered Orbitz Worldwide (NYSE:OWW) to Neutral from Buy.

Cereal maker Kellogg (NYSE: K) issued its Q1 earnings today, and while it may not have been the most exciting event on Earth, it did beat expectations, according to Briefing.com.

The strong dollar benefited the top line, as net sales increased 10% (stripping out the effect of the strong dollar yields a top-line growth rate closer to 5%). Operating profit advanced 9%. Unfortunately, not much was happening on the bottom line -- earnings per diluted share only gained a penny, coming in at $0.81 (there was a better tax situation in last year's similar quarter, however). Not much took place in the area of cash flow either -- free cash flow declined to $181 million; last year at this time, the breakfast guru reported $289 million in free cash.

Still, Kellogg's management seems pretty confident in the company's future prospects as it saw fit to bestow a 10% dividend increase on shareholders. And going back to the expectations game, earnings came in $0.05 more than expected -- that's excellent. Kellogg, like General Mills (NYSE: GIS) and Kraft (NYSE: KFT), is a great idea for long-term dollar-cost-averaging and dividend-reinvesting (love those hyphenates!). Just don't expect tech-like growth, and do expect bumps along the way, especially with commodity prices acting as they have been.

Disclosure: I own none of the companies mentioned here; positions can change at any time.

TheStreet.com's Jim Cramer says balance sheets are strong, so spillover isn't an issue.

I get emails and postings almost every day from fixed-income specialists, saying that the credit markets' myriad problems simply aren't being reflected in the equity markets, and that's just plain wrong. They warn us equity players that we are dreamers and that it is just a matter of time before the terrible problems in collateralized debt, huge leverage, and now auction rate preferred notes spill over into equities and that any rally in stocks is just a fool's paradise.

There's a problem with this inevitability story though, one that eludes these critics and might continue to elude them -- it hasn't happened yet, despite a year's worth of turmoil. That's a long time for a big problem like this to be cordoned, so it is worth looking at whether the naysayers are wrong and something else is at work.

When I look around at the vast choices of assets out there for the thousands of fund managers and institutions that have to put their money somewhere -- provided it is not dedicated to a particular asset from the get-go -- I see one world in chaos and another world in order. The bond market, the credit market, is in total disarray, with every aspect of its existence save Treasuries under fire. We know now that a simple reset market for municipals is failing because, of course, the charade of the bond insurers and their chimerical protection. The CDO market stinks. This is a multibillion dollar market where no one can figure out the prices of anything and the spreads between the bid and the ask are so wide that no one can afford to own or trade them. You don't know where they are marked. You don't know what's in them. You don't know what they are really rated. They are basically worth nothing right now to anyone. Commercial paper? Hardly worth the pick-up in interest. "Cash reserves"? We have seen the "buck" supported over and over again. There has to be a moment where the buck is broken.

First oil. Then copper, then lumber, and coal. And now grain.

The solid economic growth in the world's emerging markets that's caused oil / coal and commodities prices to surge is now fully hitting the grain market.

So much so, that some food producers are calling on the U.S. government to restrict exports due to soaring prices for grains they use to make cereal and other foods. Meanwhile, some farmers are asking the U.S. Government to ease restrictions to enable farmers to plant more acres, The Wall Street Journal reported Thursday [Subscription required].

For food producers, the issue involves limiting a major operating cost. During the past year, spring wheat has risen to an astounding $17.63 per bushel, up from about $4.90 a year ago. Flour, which used to cost about $15 per 100 pounds, now sells for about $45-48 per 100 pounds. Food producers say prices are increasing so fast, they can't pass along price increases quick enough to keep up.

Before the bell: Futures lower ahead of Fed's decision; data

Merck & Co. (NYSE: MRK) shares are gaining 1% in premarket trading after it posted a $1.6 billion loss in the fourth quarter due to large charges for its Vioxx litigation settlement and other items dragged down results. While Net loss amounted to 75 cents per share, fourth-quarter charges totaled $3.4 billion, or $1.55 per share. Excluding the one-time earnings, net income would have been 80 cents per share, beating the expected 74 cents earnings per share. Revenues were up 3% to $6.24 billion, slightly less than the estimated $6.3 billion. Merck also lowered its full-year 2008 forecast.

Boeing Co. (NYSE: BA) reported a fourth-quarter profit rise of 4% $1.03 billion, or $1.36 per share on higher commercial airplane deliveries and strong growth in defense earnings, beating Wall Street's expectations of $1.32 per share despite ongoing concerns over delays in its 787 Dreamliner program. Boeing also increased its guidance for 2008 earnings, citing productivity improvements.

Also reporting today: Kraft Foods (NASDAQ: KFT) is expected to post earnings of 44 cents a share in the fourth quarter. United Parcel Service Inc. (NYSE: UPS) is expected to report fourth-quarter earnings of $1.13 a share. Eastman Kodak Co. (NYSE: EK) is expected to report earnings of 52 cents a share in the fourth quarter. Kellogg Co. (NYSE: K) is expected to post earnings of 44 cents a share in the fourth quarter.

MOST NOTEWORTHY: ICF International, General Mills, Kellogg and Caterpillar were today's noteworthy upgrades:

• Jefferies upgraded shares of ICF International (NASDAQ: ICFI) to Buy from Hold on valuation to reflect the company's accelerating core business momentum and upped Road Home funding.
  
• Citigroup raised its rating on General Mills (NYSE: GIS) and Kellogg (NYSE: K) to Buy from Hold on valuation, as they believe food consumption stocks are recession proof.
  
• Bear Stearns upgraded shares of Caterpillar (NYSE: CAT) to Outperform from Peer Perform as they believe the company will benefit from the interest rate cuts.

OTHER UPGRADES:

• Merck (NYSE: MRK) was raised to Buy from Neutral at UBS.
  
• El Paso (NYSE: EP) was upgraded to Overweight from Equal Weight at Morgan Stanley.
  
• Lehman raised Kimberly Clark (NYSE: KMB) to Overweight from Equal Weight.

Before the bell: Futures lower ahead of FOMC meeting

Verizon Communications Inc. (NYSE: VZ) said fourth-quarter profit rose 3.9% as wireless and television subscriptions increased. Net income climbed to $1.07 billion, or 37 cents a share. Profit excluding some items was 62 cents, meeting the average estimate of 21 analysts in the Bloomberg survey. Sales rose 5.5% to $23.8 billion, missing the $24 billion average estimate of analysts in a Bloomberg survey.

Oilfield services provider Halliburton Co. (NYSE: HAL) said Monday its fourth-quarter profit rose almost 5% from a year ago, helped by growing business in the Eastern Hemisphere, where the company is placing greater resources. Net income rose to $690 million, or 75 cents per share topping analysts estimate of 69 cents a share. Halliburton's quarterly revenue rose 19% to $4.2 billion, topping analysts' estimates of $4.1 billion. Shares are climbing over 1.6% in premarket trading.

Kellogg (NYSE: K) and General Mills (NYSE: GIS) were each upgraded to Buy from Hold at Citigroup with the broker claiming that not only is there little correlation between U.S. food consumption and GDP growth, but a recession may even help these firms, as consumers eat in more.

Caterpillar (NYSE: CAT) was upgraded to Outperform from Peer Perform at Bear Stearns. In this case, the broker hopes for an economic rebound in 2009 when construction equipment sale should "begin to recover."

If you've ever wanted to own a mutual fund or exchange traded fund that invested primarily in companies which do a significant amount of business with the world's largest retailer, your day has come.

A new investment company named FocusShares is developing funds based on indexes created by International Securities Exchange Holdings, Inc. (NYSE: ISE). One of the new ETFs, called the FocusShares ISE-REVERE Wal-Mart (NYSE: WSI), tracks companies that get a large amount of their business from Wal-Mart Stores, Inc. (NYSE: WMT), the world's largest retailer.

The new fund includes over 30 well-known names as Del Monte Foods (NYSE: DLM) DLM, Kellogg Co. (NYSE: K) and Mattel, Inc. (NYSE: MAT). It also contains many firms that are significant Wal-Mart suppliers even though they aren't huge blue chips.

Want some numbers? Here you go: Del-Monte gets 31% of its business from Wal-Mart, Kellogg gets 18% and Mattel almost 20%. That's putting some awfully large eggs in one basket, but you can own them now for a lowly 0.35% to 0.6% in fees if you'd like. The fund opened November 30 for trading.

With raider Nelson Peltz taking a position in Kraft (NYSE: KFT), it was clear that he wanted more than his share of certificates. He began to push for improving shareholder value through things like higher dividends and stock buy-backs. Part of his argument was that Kraft had some units that performed poorly. Why, he asked, should the company keep them?

Why indeed? Kraft is close to a deal to sell Post cereals to Ralcorp for $2.8 billion.

According to The Wall Street Journal [subscription required], "Kraft and Ralcorp are discussing a stock-based transaction that would free both parties from tax liability. That would be done by first spinning off the Post business and then merging it with Ralcorp, leaving Kraft holders with equity in the merged entity." The deal may help Ralcorp compete with cereal giants like Kellogg (NYSE: K).

There is a problem with the plan. It has only been about a year since Kraft was spun out from Altria (NYSE: MO). Kraft's stock is down about 5% over the last year. The new management now has a chance to prove that it can improve operations rather than sell them.

A division sold is often an opportunity lost. Post is an old and well-established franchise. Shares of rival Kellogg are up 20% over the last two years, which means that the cereal business does not have to be a loser. Ralcorp clearly thinks it can improve the Post returns. So, why sell now?

Douglas A. McIntyre is an editor at 247wallst.com.