Analyst upgrades:

• Citigroup upgraded National Fuel (NYSE: NFG) to Hold from Sell to reflect better than expected drilling results for the company's Marcellus shale assets. Citi raised its target on shares to $43 from $42.
• Baird upgraded Netezza (NYSE: NZ) to Outperform from Neutral and raised its target to $14 from $7 based on the company's new product announcement and potential revenue acceleration.
• JPMorgan upgraded Liberty Interactive (NASDAQ: LINTA) to Overweight from Neutral. The firm finds the valuation attractive following Liberty's better than expected Q2 results and set a $13 price target on the stock.
• Marlin Business (NASDAQ: MRLN) was upgraded to Outperform from Market Perform at William Blair.
• Paychex (NASDAQ: PAYX) was upgraded to Sell from Conviction Sell at Goldman.
• Hewitt Associates (NYSE: HEW) was upgraded to Buy from Neutral at UBS.

Analyst upgrades:

• Jefferies upgraded Brocade (NASDAQ: BRCD) to Buy from Hold on expectations expanding OEM partnerships, new products and entry into new markets will drive long-term growth. The firm's channel checks indicate the first phase of an IBM (NYSE: IBM) deal for ethernet products will be announced next week. Jefferies raised its target price on the stock to $6 from $3.50.
  
• JMP Securities upgraded Broadcom (NASDAQ: BRCM) to Market Perform from Underperform citing the potential settlement with Qualcomm (NASDAQ: QCOM). The firm said Broadcom has far more to gain than Qualcomm has to lose.
  
• Citigroup upgraded Air Products (NYSE: APD) and Praxair (NYSE: PX) to Buy from Hold on expectations that an improvement in customer operating rates will benefit gas companies. The firm raised its target price on Air Products to $70 from $55 and on Praxair to $79 from $63.
  
• Royal Bank of Scotland upgraded BP Plc (NYSE: BP) to Buy from Hold to reflect its dividend yield at current levels.
• Apple (NASDAQ: AAPL) was raised to Outperform from Underperform at RBC Capital.
  
• T. Rowe Price (NYSE: TROW) was upgraded at Sandler O'Neill to Hold from Sell.
  
• Morgan Stanley (NYSE: MS) was lifted to Neutral from Underperform at Banc of America/Merrill.

Analyst upgrades:

• Jefferies upgraded NeuStar (NYSE:NSR) to Hold from Underperform on valuation following the recent weakness and raised their target price to $15 from $12.
  
• Oppenheimer upgraded Adobe Systems (NASDAQ:ADBE) to Outperform from Perform on valuation as they believe the recent pullback has created an attractive entry point into the name. The firm has a $27 target on the stock.
  
• UBS upgraded Pfizer (NYSE:PFE) and Wyeth (NYSE:WYE) to Buy from Neutral based on valuations. Pfizer's price target remains $18 and Wyeth's was raised to $50 from $38.
• Methanex (NASDAQ:MEOH) was upgraded to Sector Outperformer from Sector Performer at CIBC.
  
• BHP Billiton (NYSE:BHP) was raised to Buy from Hold at RBS.
  
• Anadys Pharma (NASDAQ:ANDS) was upgraded to Buy from Neutral at Piper Jaffray.

Analyst upgrades:

• Jefferies upgraded Sonus Networks (NASDAQ: SONS) to Buy from Hold on valuation as they find the risk/reward compelling at current levels. Jefferies has a $2 target on the stock.
  
• Dresdner upgraded HSBC (NYSE: HBC) to Buy from hold on valuation as they believe the dividend cut is fully priced in at current levels.
  
• JP Morgan upgraded Barnes & Noble (NYSE: BKS) to Neutral from Underweight on valuation as they recommend short positions take profits at current levels.
• Kellogg (K) was raised to Buy from Neutral at UBS.
  
• RPM, Inc (NYSE: RPM) and Valspar (NYSE: VAL) were upgraded at KeyBanc to Buy from Hold.
  
• Omnicare (NYSE: OCR) was upgraded to Overweight from Equal Weight at Barclays.

Analyst downgrades:

• Jefferies downgraded Dune Energy (AXE: DNE) to Underperform from Hold to reflect weak commodity prices and the company's reduced financial flexibility. The firm lowered its target price to 10c from 30c.
• Baird downgraded NeuStar (NYSE: NSR) to Neutral from Outperform and lowered their target to $20 from $22 based on 2009 revenue concerns and the CFO's departure.
  
• UBS cut Viacom (NYSE: VIA) to Neutral from Buy and lowered its target to $18 from $27. The firm believes advertising declines will be worst than expected and that Film expectations are too high.
• Goldcorp (NYSE: GG) was lowered to Neutral from Overweight at JP Morgan.
  
• Kindred Healthcare (NYSE: KND) and Tenet Healthcare (THC) were downgraded at Barclays to Equal Weight from Overweight.
  
• Cynosure (NASDAQ: CYNO) was downgraded to Hold from Buy at Citigroup.

Analyst initiations:

• Keefe Bruyette believes Blackstone's (NYSE: BX) operating results and cash flow generation are likely to remain depressed well into 2009 given the weakening economy. The firm started shares with a Market Perform rating and $6 target.
  
• Oppenheimer views Brinks (NYSE: BCO) as a pure-play secure logistics company and feels it is well positioned to take advantage of a recent decline in acquisition prices. The firm has an Outperform rating and $32 target on the stock.
• Kellogg (NYSE: K) was initiated with a Buy rating and $52 target at Janney Montgomery.
• Avery Dennison (NYSE: AVY) was started at Barclays with an Equal Weight rating.
• Medco Health (NYSE: MHS) was initiated with a Market Perform rating and $59 target at Bernstein.

MOST NOTEWORTHY: Invesco, Visa and Netscout Systems were today's noteworthy initiations:

• Keefe Bruyette believes Invesco's (NYSE:IVZ) initiatives will drive significant revenue and operating leverage to any improvement in the operating environment. The firm started shares with an Outperform rating and $28 target. Visa was started ast Cowen with an Outperform rating, as they are positive on the Visa's growth prospects and attractive business model.
  
• Keefe Bruyette also recommends owning Visa (NYSE:V), assuming coverage with an Outperform rating and $80 target, and established FY08, FY09, and FY10 EPS estimates of $1.89, $2.33 and $2.80.
  
• Netscout Systems (NASDAQ:NTCT) was initiated at ThinkEquity with a Buy rating and $13 target. ThinkEquity believes Netscout is well positioned to outperform and win share in its addressable market niche following the Network General acquisition. Additionally, the firm views NTCT as an attractive takeover candidate for larger infrastructure management players.

OTHER INITIATIONS:

• JP Morgan initiated Signature Bank (SBNY) with a Neutral rating.
  
• Wendy's (WEN) was reinstated at Goldman with a Sell rating and $21 target.
  
• Needham started NeuStar (NSR) with a Hold rating.

Ever wonder whether there is a central authority managing all the telephone numbers, enabling the dynamic routing of calls among thousands of competing communications service providers? There is, you know, and it's headquartered in Sterling, Virginia.

NeuStar Inc (NYSE: NSR) provides services to the North American communications industry and to Internet service providers around the world. In North America, the firm manages the database of area codes and phone numbers used by carriers to route calls. On the Web, it operates a registry of domain addresses. The company is a leading provider of clearinghouse services for such telecom carrier functions as ordering, service provisioning, billing and customer service. Clients include Verizon Communications (NYSE: VZ), Sprint Nextel Corp. (NYSE: S) and AT&T, Inc. (NYSE: T).

NeuStar pleased the Street last week, when it announced preliminary Q1 EPS of 21-22 cents and revenues of $96.5-$97.5 million. Analysts had been looking for 22 cents and $97.0 million. Management also affirmed FY07 EPS of $1.04-1.09 ($1.07 consensus) and revenues of $428-$438 million ($433.9M consensus).