Twenty five trillion dollars in global market capitalization wiped out. At least $500 billion -- and most likely in excess of $1 trillion added to the United States' national debt. The Fed has loaned money to corporations, added massive liquidity to banks, cut interest, and the U.S. Treasury may invest directly in private banks, if it doesn't nationalize them.

And the currency of the nation primarily responsible for the global financial crisis -- the dollar -- how has it fared?

The dollar has been firm, for the most part, even rising against the euro and British pound. However, the dollar has fallen against Japan's yen. As of Friday at 2:35 p.m. EDT, the dollar had risen 2 cents versus the euro to $1.3382 and 1.5 cents versus the pound to $1.6947, but had fallen one-half yen to 99.33.

The slowdown in global credit markets continues. Interest rates for three-month loans in dollars continued to rise early Thursday, as a coordinated interest rate cut by the world's major central banks failed to jump-start bank-to-bank lending.

Credit markets: Freeze frame

The London three-month rate for dollar loans increased 23 basis points to 4.75%, Bloomberg News reported Thursday. Meanwhile, the London interbank offered rate, or LIBOR -- the rate banks charge each other for overnight dollar loans -- decreased 29 basis points to 5.09% early Thursday morning; nevertheless, the level still is a very high rate for short-term cash.

Overnight rates are key sources of cash for corporations and other large institutions, which use the cash to pay suppliers, make payroll, roll over debt etc. Hence, a very high overnight will discourage corporations from conducting business, restricting commerce and slowing the economy, economists say.

Economist Peter Dawson told BloggingStocks Thursday the failure of short-term, bank-to-bank rates to drop indicates that monetary and fiscal officials will have to do more to maintain financial system liquidity. "Banks remain in a state of fear. Basically, the way things are now banks are assuming that their competitor banks are insolvent unless proven otherwise," Dawson said. "It's a breakdown in trust and its constricting commerce. If it continues it's going slam GDP on both sides of the Atlantic."

Think it's hard for the U.S. Congress to agree on a policy?

Try getting a policy passed by the European Union.

Strictly speaking, of course, the European Parliament (both chambers), not the EU, is akin to the Congress, but the 27-nation EU is proving to be almost as unwieldy as the EP.

The EU's decision to increase the guarantee on bank deposits to 50,000 euros or about $68,000 Tuesday represented the first common, or unified approach to the financial crisis, The New York Times reported Tuesday, despite incontrovertible data indicating that the credit crunch is restricting lending, both short- and long-term, and is slowing commerce.

EU stance: 'Every nation for himself'

Economist Richard Felson told BloggingStocks Tuesday the EU's lack of unified action highlights the limitations of Europe's supranational political system. "For those European nations using the euro, these nations are unified by a common central bank. But fiscal policy, in terms of a treasury department, remains at the nation-state level. That makes it much harder to coordinate a bank rescue, for example," Felson said.

That's the main reason the EU hasn't passed a rescue package similar in scope to the U.S. Congress', Felson said. "Europe's economy is just as large as the U.S.'s and it's likely to experience distressed/bad debt aftereffects almost as large as those in America. It requires a unified response, but thus far it's been 'every nation for himself.' It's very disappointing, from a governance standpoint."

So far, there's little indication the financial crisis is subsiding.

The euro and British pound fell against the dollar, and money market rates climbed early Monday in Europe as banks hoarded cash.

The euro and British pound fell about 1 cent versus the dollar to $1.3610 and $1.7568, respectively, early Monday as traders sensed both the European Central Bank and Bank of England, along with national governments, will have to take monetary and policy actions to address the crisis.

The London interbank offered rate, or LIBOR -- the rate banks charge each other for overnight dollar loan, increased 37 basis points to 2.37%. The Euribor, a similar rate for the euro, rose 1 basis point to 5.35%, an all-time high.

Currency Trader Andrew Resnick told BloggingStocks Monday, currency, credit and stock markets in Europe all indicate the financial crisis will impact many of the economies in the euro zone.

"Germany's decision to guarantee all private German bank accounts kind of spooked the currency market, and drove the euro and pound lower. It's a good, defensive action, but it prompted people to ask 'how deep is the problem in Europe?'" Resnick said. "We're going to need more action to address the crisis from both the European Union and the central banks of Europe to boost liquidity."

Just call it an endorsement of a collective security policy where 'you go first.'

That was how one economist characterized the G-7 group of finance ministers' stance toward the U.S. Treasury Department's proposed $700 billion intervention to stabilize the financial system.

In a conference call statement, the G-7 - - Germany, the United Kingdom, France, Japan, Italy, Canada, along with the U.S. - - said, "We strongly welcome the extraordinary actions taken by the United States to enhance the stability of financial markets and address credit concerns, especially through its plan to implement a program to remove illiquid assets that are destabilizing financial institutions," The Wall Street Journal reported Monday(subscription required.)

However, none of the other six G-7 members will adopt a program similar to the U.S.'s, German Finance Minister Peer Steinbrueck told reporters in Berlin after the call, Bloomberg News reported Monday.

Economist Peter Dawson told BloggingStocks Monday the G-7's stance is half-hearted, in his interpretation. "In its general statement, the G-7 is on-board with the [U.S] Treasury's program but [German Finance Minister Peer] Steinbrueck's comments are disappointing. Steinbrueck, or another G-7 representative should have followed up with 'and we stand ready to assist the United States and other nations with fiscal measures to support the above goals, if needed, etc.,' " Dawson said. "Right now, the G-7's tone is 'go forth U.S., but we're not getting in the pool right now, the water's too cold.' Given the G-7's complicity in causing the problem and their systemic interest, a more-engaged statement should have been issued regarding fiscal policy options."

Cites AIG's 'interconnectedness'

For example, Dawson said the G-7's corporate involvement in American International Group's (NYSE: AIG) is evidence item 'A' for stronger G-7 involvement. "G-7 companies, banks, and institutional investors benefited from AIG's credit default swaps and related products, and would be hurt by a systemic failure. Since they are parties to the problem, they should also bear some of the costs of the reforms and bailout," Dawson said. "But right now their stance is 'Go ahead U.S. We back your spending your money, but not ours.' That's an inadequate response from our G-7 associates."

"While watching the Olympics, I couldn't thinking about the investment opportunities of the various countries participating in the games," says exchange-traded fund expert Carl Delfeld.

Recognizing that this is not a "scientific" approach nor a primary basis for seriously determining one's asset allocation the editor of Around the World with ETFs speculates, "While it is admittedly a stretch, let's consider what an ETF porfolio of the top ten countries in the Beijing Olympics medal count would look like."

"I hope that while watching the Olympic games many investors were also reminded at how the world is changing and why they need a global portfolio to capture value and growth around the world.

"The U.S. did remarkably well across the board underscoring its role as the world's leading investment destination. China surged to win the most gold and reach the symbolic level of 100 medals.

"Quite an achievement that punctuates China's growing heft. With the Shanghai Composite down 55% this year, it has come down to earth and is interesting from a valuation perspective.

"Next comes Russia with a performance fueled by a strong Olympian tradition and petro dollars but perhaps a bit overshadowed by the Georgian fiasco. I will take a pass on this one even though it is off 36% since just May.

The protracted housing slump that has devastated U.S. home prices now appears to have fully-enveloped the United Kingdom. Home prices in the United Kingdom in August fell at their fastest pace in two decades (pdf), U.K.-based mortgage lender Nationwide Building Society announced Thursday.

On a year-over-year basis, the average price of a U.K. home plummeted 10.5% to $301,500 or 164,654 British pounds in August, NBS said. Further, it was the first year-over-year double-digit decline in the U.K. since 1990.

London-based economist Mark Chandler told BloggingStocks Thursday the August U.K. housing data, "is just dreadful."

"Housing in the U.K. is becoming a bit of a 'magical mystery tour,' to borrow a phrase from The Beatles. For a month or so, we thought the declines in home prices had moderated. Apparently not," Chandler said. "Tighter lending requirements and real concern about the economy have sapped sales and it's really showing up in the price data."

Two organizations, one projection: a forecast of 86.9 million barrels of oil per day consumed in 2009.

The International Energy Agency and OPEC arrived at the same projection, suggesting that, in economist Peter Dawson's interpretation that "2009 is going to be a year of a slowdown in oil consumption growth, which is significant."

Moreover, Dawson is quick to highlight what's important in the above: slowing oil consumption growth in emerging markets. Oil consumption in the United States has been falling for more than two years -- it's projected to drop 3.1% in 2008 and another 2.3% in 2009. It's oil consumption in the developing world, primarily China and India, that really moves prices, Dawson said. Oil Monday closed up 52 cents to $115.11 per barrel.

'A small victory, that we'll take'

Right now it appears, for the first time in more than five years, consumption growth (not to be confused with a consumption decline) will slow, he said.

"It's a small victory, that we'll take, regarding the oil markets," Dawson said. "For the first time in a while we'll see some demand relief internationally, and that has to help lower oil prices."

The United Kingdom's economy was unchanged in Q2, weighed-down by the contracting housing sector and a pull-back in consumer spending, the U.K.'s Office for National Statistics announced Friday.

Economists surveyed by Bloomberg News had expected the U.K.'s economy to grow 0.1% in Q2.

For the last 12 months, the U.K. grew at a 1.4% pace, the ONS said.

Further, the lack of growth in Q2 ended Britain's longest expansion in more than a century, London-based economist Mark Chandler told BloggingStocks Friday. The U.K.'s last recession occurred in 1991.

U.K. mirrors U.S. slowdown?

Further, as in the U.S., Chandler said concern is growing in the U.K. that declining housing sales and median home prices will serve as a drag on the U.K.'s economy through 2009, perhaps longer.

"Estimates vary in the United States, but I put housing's contraction effect at about 0.7-1.0% of GDP in the U.S., and perhaps a little lower in the U.K.," Chandler said. "Home equity loans were not as common during the housing boom as in the U.S., and that's why I don't think the slump will hurt as much here as in the U.S., but we're still seeing at least two quarters of negative growth, which will slow regional growth, as well."

Some market signals are well-known and easily understood. Others are arcane and more-complex, but just as telling.

There's mounting evidence that the "carry trade" is ending, or that at least institutional investors are decreasing their use of it as an investment tactic.

In a carry trade, investors, especially institutional investors, borrow funds in a country with a low interest rate (or borrowing cost) and buy assets in a country where returns are higher. The investment can take many forms, including stocks, bonds, funds, or even the higher-interest currency itself.

Carry trade: A growth confidence indicator

Now, investors/readers may legitimately ask, Why is it important to know what's happening to the carry trade?

Economist Peter Dawson told BloggingStocks that it's important to monitor carry trade flows and data because it's one indicator of investor confidence in a market's ability to produce a return on equity, and by extension, in its economy to grow.

In other words, the carry trade abounds when investors are confident; it wanes when they're not, he said.

One way investors/readers could characterize the current environment is as a world filled with concerns.

Concern about the U.S. housing sector. Concern about declining U.S. disposable income. Concerning about slowing GDP growth in Europe and Asia. Concern about the Yankees not winning the American League pennant.

O.K., that last item was a purely subjective, parochial one, but you get the point: there's concern that global economic conditions are worsening, not improving.

Europe's GDP is latest focal point

Further, while emerging markets in Asia, led by China and India, have been the growth story of the decade, the region really sending a chill up economists' -- business executives' -- spines is Europe, so says economist Glen Langan.

"Up through July we had seen weakness in Italy, Greece, Spain, and Portugal, and the investment community's response was one of 'no big deal, they are not the major growth regions, anyway,'" Langan said. "But now there's signs of slowing in Germany, France, and the United Kingdom, and nearly every demand-side indicator is in retreat. It's a pronounced psychological shift, no question."

Confidence in the global economy rose in August as oil prices retreated, a new survey of business professionals indicated. The Bloomberg Professional Global Confidence Index climbed to 14.1 in August from 10.3 in July. The July reading was the lowest since the survey began in November 2007. Readings below 50 indicate negative sentiment.

Economist Glen Langan, who did not participate in the Bloomberg survey of about 3,000 Bloomberg Terminal users, said investors / traders "should not attach too much positive sentiment to results."

"First, the survey was at an all-time low in July. Second, we have seen a $30 drop in oil prices, so I would sense that there would be some relief expressed in surveys of financial professionals, executives, and the like," Langan said. "Economic conditions, particularly in the U.S., are sluggish to poor, and the survey generally reflects that."

Oil traded up 80 cents to $113.81 early Wednesday, but has dropped about $34 since hitting a record high of $147.27 on July 11, 2008.

Focus on U.K., E.U.

Langan said the focal point for economists is now the United Kingdom and the European Union. For example, in his projections, Langan has already discounted that the U.S. economy will remain sluggish through at least Q2 2009, but he still sees 1.5-1.9% GDP growth in the United Kingdom, and 2.0% GDP growth in the E.U. for 2009.

Typically, markets conform to historical tendencies. But sometimes they don't. Tuesday was one example of the latter regarding the dollar in the currency market.

Despite a two-week-long move that saw the dollar strengthen against the world's major currencies, the greenback's rally continued early Tuesday, as lower commodity prices reduced their appeal as an inflation hedge and an investment. Oil, the world's most important commodity, fell $1.16 to $113.42 per barrel early Tuesday.

The dollar rose about one-quarter cent to $1.4875 versus the euro and about 1 cent to $1.9022 versus the British pound in Tuesday trading.

The dollar has strengthened about 6% versus the euro and about 4.5% versus the British pound in the past two weeks, and London-based economist Mark Chandler told BloggingStocks Tuesday further strengthening against the pound is likely, after a correction.

Dollar overbought, but rising

"The dollar should have corrected by now, given that it's registered a remarkable move and it's over-bought short-term, but markets can overdo it from time to time, so who knows when the correction will occur," Chandler said. "But longer-term I see further dollar gains against the pound, due to our [United Kingdom's] slowing economy."

Carlton Delfeld reveals his latest global ETF picks and warns of leveraged funds.

Q. Carlton, in your last newsletter, you commented on the low valuations of several global markets, including Ireland, Singapore, UK, and Sweden, among others. Have you since added any ETFs from these regions to your portfolios?

A. Yes, I have added iShares MSCI South Africa Index (NYSEArca: EZA), iShares MSCI Singapore Index (NYSEArca: EWS), and the iShares MSCI United Kingdom (NYSEArca: EWU). South Africa is in part a currency and commodity play. The United Kingdom is very much predicated on global financial recovery, and Singapore will likely be a core holding.

Q. Each of these regions seems to have its own stress points right now. Do you think that South Africa is particularly vulnerable to a global slowdown? Hasn't Singapore been hit hard by the bear market in China? And isn't the UK just moving into a housing decline that may rival that of the US?

A. South Africa, China and the UK are all trading at attractive valuations. They all have challenges. The South Africa Rand has been a strong currency and will come back with higher gold prices, the UK is already moving through the housing issue and its financial-oriented market has already been hammered. Lastly, Singapore is a very high-quality China play.

The need to fulfill promises of increased aid for Africa, and a general agreement between the United States and Russia on an approach to Iran's nuclear program took center stage as leaders from the Group of Eight industrial nations met Monday in Japan, The Associated Press reported.

President Bush, attending his last summit as a sitting U.S. president, underscored the importance of providing aid for Africa, calling on wealthy nations to provide mosquito netting and other aid to prevent needless deaths, the AP reported.

Basic items - - even equipment as basic as mosquito netting - - can reduce mortality rates in sections of Africa. Mosquito netting prevents children and others from dieing of bites from disease-carrying mosquitoes.

In 2005 the G-8 pledged to increase global aid to $130 billion, and increase assistance to Africa to $50 billion. ONE, a nonpartisan group working to end extreme poverty, predicted that the U.S. and the United Kingdom will meet their commitments, while France, Italy, Germany and Canada are off the mark, Bloomberg News reported Monday.

Increased global food aid likely

Economist Glen Langan, whose specializations include agricultural economics, said increased aid for food and agricultural development will likely be announced by G-8 leaders at the summit, or soon thereafter, due to the rising cost of food's impact on poorer nations. "The aid will be targeted to meeting basic needs first, but with an eye toward directing some funds to self-sustaining agriculture," Langan said, adding that Africa "has the potential to achieve food production gains greater than South America."