Time was, independent refiners like Valero Energy Corporation (VLO), first discussed here on April 20, 2009, at a price of $20.08, were in a bind, operationally, due to high oil prices and low gasoline demand that squeezed crack spreads.

But that was a long time ago. Refinery margins, which were squeezed during 2008-2009, due to the loss of more than 8 million jobs from the U.S. economy -- many of those being vehicle owners -- continue to recover. Gasoline demand, in particular, has rebounded: the U.S. will likely see decreased gasoline usage on a per capita basis, as vehicle efficiency improves, but rising vehicle sales stemming from job growth will offset this.

Bright and early this morning, Valero Energy (VLO) was singled out for a bullish volatility play. Shortly before 10 a.m., a block of 7,500 contracts traded at the ask price at VLO's September 19 call, indicating they were purchased. Simultaneously, a matching block of 7,500 contracts changed hands on the oil refiner's September 17 put, with this transaction also taking place closer to the ask price. With VLO trading at $18.08 at the time of the trade, both strikes are out of the money.

"Valero Energy Corp. (VLO) is an $11 billion oil refining and marketing company based in San Antonio, Texas," notes technical expert Melvin Pasternak.

The editor of Double-Digit Trading adds, "If you've ever filled-up at an Ultramar, Beacon, or Diamond Shamrock station, you've helped pump up this company. The stock may return the favor if you go long on it.

"This Fortune 500 company operates 15 oil refineries throughout the United States, Canada and the Caribbean. Its refineries have a combined capacity of 2.8 million barrels per day, an amount equal to about 1% of the 400 million gallons of gas used daily in the United States.

Valero Energy (NYSE: VLO - option chain) stock is down big today after the company warned it expects to report a second-quarter loss of 50 cents per share. Analysts had forecast a profit of 74 cents per share. The company also said it plans to sell about 40 million shares of common stock to fund general corporate purposes and recent acquisitions. If you think this stock won't be rising too far in the coming months, then it could be a good time to look at a bearish hedged play on VLO.

This morning, VLO opened at $19.64. So far today the stock has hit a low of $18.50 and a high of $19.79. As of 11:25, VLO is trading at $18.75, down $3.63 (-16.2%). The chart for VLO looked bullish before today while S&P gives VLO a positive 4 STARS (out of 5) buy ranking.

I made it through mid-year of tracking my 2008 picks from last December and then -- Wham! -- I went from a slight advantage to being humbled badly by the market. However difficult it is to display your failings, once again I will share all of the horrors since I posted the original story Chasing Value: Final list -- 8 stocks for 2008.

The master is still the master, Warren Buffett and his life's work Berkshire Hathaway (NYSE: BRK.B) beat me easily as well as the three indices I tracked.

For the most part, unless you started shorting stocks, there was no place to hide and most of my picks were big losers. There were two that beat Buffett and the market. The defense sector was the defensive sector it was supposed to be with Raytheon Company (NYSE: RTN) doing well on a relative scale. The other place you could have a morsel of stability was utilities and Huaneng Power International (ADR) (NYSE: HNP) lost less but not by much.

"The 'low-hanging fruit' on our buy list includes refiners," says resource expert Curtis Hesler in The Professional Timing Service. Here, he looks at Valero Energy (NYSE: VLO).

"Refiners enjoy a virtual monopoly. The high price of crude has put the squeeze on profit margins -- especially in the case of gasoline, even though it is selling for over $4.00 now. Gasoline always becomes a political issue during election season.

"Nevertheless, gasoline prices are generally rising. The stock market is also getting 'depression minded,' to the point of paranoia; and this fear is dragging some stocks like refiners lower with the tide.

"The current profit squeeze will not be permanent, but Valero has another arrow in its quiver. They are able to process sour crude, which is becoming more prevalent as exporters keep more of the good stuff (light sweet crude) at home and ship the heavy sour crude.

A few days ago I posted Chasing Value: Valero -- when is a downgrade an upgrade? and since then I have become even more disturbed with our government and the stock analysts, as well as the companies they represent. Eitan Bernstein, an analyst with Friedman, Billings, Ramsey & Co downgraded his expectations for the major oil refiners Wednesday and lowered his price target for Valero Energy (NYSE: VLO) from $77 to $65.

How can this be? The stock was trading around $40 per share and closed Friday at $39.96. As a shareholder who has watched this stock go down, any signs of optimism have to be welcome I suppose, but what in the world is this guy saying. He is saying he has concerns about the sector, but believes VLO will be 61.5% higher this time next year any way!

This makes no sense. He can't be too concerned, can he? If you believed him you would buy all the VLO shares you could get hold of -- and so would he! Maybe he did? Or maybe he is trying to pump up the stock to help a big client? Or maybe he is clueless and does not know what he is talking about? What might his e-mails reveal?

Anyone can predict anything, and they have a right to be an idiot, but what responsibility does he have to eat his own cooking? VLO started the year near a high that is between Bernstein's old and new projections, and I for one have hopes of it rebounding, but I do not have the level of certainty to broadcast such an exact figure. What is the purpose?

The change in his projections of 15.5% is indicative of the silliness of this analysis. We have seen this before and will see it again ... so buyer beware.

Sheldon Liber is the CEO of a small private investment company and the principal for design and research at an architecture & planning firm. He writes the columns Chasing Value and Serious Money. DISCLOSURE: I currently own shares of VLO.

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What can I say, one of my best stocks picks of 2007 has turned into one of my worst of 2008. Valero Energy (NYSE: VLO) the largest independent oil refiner in the United States has experienced shrinking profit margins as oil prices have continued to climb throughout the year.

It was reported in the Associated Press that a Wall Street analyst at Friedman, Billings, Ramsey & Co downgraded his expectations for the major oil refiners Wednesday. In regards to VLO, analyst Eitan Bernstein lowered his price target from $77 to $65.

Analysts are notoriously optimistic and I myself would not hazard a guess picking a number out of thin air given the number of variables to consider, but I would go as far as to say this downgrade makes me laugh.

The stock closed yesterday at $41.25 and is trading down further today around $40. But this is considerably lower then anyones price targets for the stock so perhaps this is a case where the downgrade is actually an upgrade.

My colleague Steven Halpern posted similar sentiments last week Valero (VLO): Ready for a refinery rebound?

This is a company with a price-to-sales ratio of 0.43 and a price-to-book of 1.42 that accompany a P/E of 7 and a yield of 1.41%. I may have been caught in the downdraft of a cyclical stock recommending it last December, but I sure do feel more comfortable recommending to readers that they examine VLO today.

Sheldon Liber is the CEO of a small private investment company and the principal for design and research at an architecture & planning firm. He writes the columns Chasing Value and Serious Money. DISCLOSURE: I currently own shares of VLO.

Although he has been maintaining a cautious stance on the refining group, energy sector expert Elliott Gue is now boosting the rating on Valero Energy (NYSE: VLO).

In his The Energy Strategist, the advisor explains, "Valero is now attractive for three reasons: superior geographic exposure, refinery complexity and a new focus on profitability."

"Our caution on the refining group was due to expectations that crack spreads would be weak through the spring, a period during which spreads tend to widen. Overall, this call was correct: Refiners have underperformed the energy patch since mid-March.

"And longer term, I have some concerns about new refining capacity expansions due to come online over the next few years. As this supply comes online, it could put downside pressure on margins.

"But over the next six to nine months, the refiners look like a compelling play. Gasoline inventories are now back in line with seasonal norms; it's likely gasoline prices will now rally further relative to crude oil. In fact, we're already seeing an obvious spike in crack spreads.

Today was a very gloomy day in the stock market with Oil reaching new highs and everything else losing -- almost. Among the few winners, and I mean very few, Apple Inc. (NASDAQ: AAPL), oil, and specialty steel were up. I went through my watch list and found this very short list of winners:

Anadarko Petroleum (NYSE: APC) $78.49, up +$0.95 or 1.23%

Apple Inc (NASDAQ: AAPL) $185.90, up +$2.30 or 1.25%

Halliburton (NYSE: HAL) $49.92, +$0.85 up +$1.73%

Precision Drilling TR (NYSE: PDS) $27.90, up $1.13, or 4.22%

Reliance Steel and Aluminum (NYSE: RS) $67.37, +0.$52, or 0.78%

Valero Energy (NYSE: VLO) $50.12, up +$0.43 or 0.87%

Over the past year, we have been hearing a lot of news about soaring crude oil prices. The easiest thing that we could think about is investing our money into independent oil refiners. Companies such as Frontier Oil (NYSE: FTO), Valero Energy (NYSE: VLO), Tesoro (NYSE: TSO), Alon USA Energy (NYSE: ALJ) or Western Refining (NYSE: WNR) are among those potential stocks on the waiting list.

Though it may seem surprising, Kiplinger.com advises us of exactly the opposite. Kiplinger underlines the fact that refiners represent a way to loose a lot of money... contrary to pipelines, oil producers and energy service companies. This came as the result of people's needs to transform crude oil into gasoline, diesel, jet fuel or heating oil.

The big difference between the cost of crude and the price of refined products is called the "crack spread", and this is where the problem comes in. In May of last year, the crack spread peaked at $27, and even moved up as high as $40 in some locations. This compares to the historical norm of closer to $20. But starting with the spring of 2007, things started changing, and the spread began to narrow... now the spread has fallen down to around $8.50 for some companies.

It was announced Monday that Valero Energy (NYSE: VLO) has entered into an agreement with Albertson's LLC to acquire 72 convenience stores and fueling kiosks. This will expand Valero's company-owned retail presence in Texas, Colorado, Arizona and Louisiana, where Valero already operates approximately 950 company-owned Corner Store locations.

Valero, one of my top picks of 2007, is my worst of 2008 -- Chasing Value: 8 stocks for 2008 -- April Bunge's back. It has been a turbulent couple of years in the oil industry and as my colleague Doug McIntyre reported earlier -- Goldman makes case of $200 oil -- it does not look to get much better.

In the mean time, while Valero's margins have been squeezed this year, it looks like it is intent on diversifying into more of a retail, convenience outlet and sell snacks and coffee in addition to its fuel products. "This transaction offers great synergies with our existing retail network and supply chain," said Gary Arthur, President of Valero's Retail Division. "All of these sites are relatively new and offer strong potential for merchandise growth." Should the 7-Eleven and Circle-K chains be worried? Not yet.

Sheldon Liber is the CEO of a small private investment company and the principal for design and research at an architecture & planning firm. He writes the columns Chasing Value and Serious Money. DISCLOSURE: I currently own shares of VLO.

This month saw great improvement after last month's disaster. Having to conclude my findings on a specific month end day, or any day, depending on the news, sometimes distorts results. For example news on March 31 sent the market down and on April first my picks shot up an unusual amount; hopefully the trend will continue.

My riskiest stock pick Newcastle Investment Corp (NYSE: NCT) was down the most in March but recovered about 35% of the loss in April leaving Valero Energy Corp. (NYSE: VLO) the dubious honor of being my worst performer, down over 30% in the first four months of the year.

April showed improvement as many companies reported positive earnings reports or beat expectations.

The Dow Jones Industrial Average gained some ground in April as did the Standard & Poor's 500 Index, and the technology heavy NASDAQ Composite Index was up with stocks like Apple, Inc (NASDAQ: AAPL) and Google Inc. (NASDAQ: GOOG) improving significantly on very strong reports. Google is up over 25%.

Most of my picks improved. Higher food prices no doubt helped Bunge Limited (NYSE: BG) which recaptured losses moving up 23% from its recent bottom. My two winners Raytheon Co. (NYSE: RTN), the high tech defense contractor, and Reliance Steel & Aluminum (NYSE: RS) were joined by a third, Anglo American plc (ADR) (NASDAQ: AAUK) which had a 10% swing entering positive territory.

After three months it is time to face the facts: two of the three indices beat my picks handily. I have not made a good showing so far and unlike most investment idea sources, I feel obliged to air my dirty laundry for all to see.

My riskiest stock pick Newcastle Investment Corp (NYSE:NCT) is down almost 37% this year, and the energy stocks did almost as poorly even though fuel prices are near all-time highs. The downers were not offset by this months' repeat winners.

March was a seesaw battle, but in the end there was not much to show for it. However, unlike the last day of January (down 370 points in the Dow) and February's last trading day (down 315 points), March had a final day of plus 46.49, which is not very meaningful.

The Dow Jones Industrial Average gave some ground in March as did the Standard & Poor's 500 Index while the technology heavy NASDAQ Composite Index was marginally up with stocks like Apple Inc (NASDAQ:AAPL) improving notably.

Most of my picks sagged a little more, while two remain in positive territory. Raytheon Co. (NYSE: RTN), the high tech defense contractor is up and Reliance Steel & Aluminum (NYSE: RS) is way up.

Earlier in the week I posted about finding the market bottom using that age-old handheld calculator, a white paper napkin. So, unfortunately it looks like I may be right again. Not exactly something I was hoping for, but if it has to be, it has to be. I wonder if my old napkin can outperform Wall Street super computers?

Is this an auction to the bottom? Are investors bidding things down instead of up? Looks like it from all the negative sentiment. Consumer sentiment is down, and short sellers are all excited, increasing their negative positions to new highs every day.

And here is the all-telling sign of capitulation: the ever-lying overly optimistic government is starting to admit how bad things are and throwing hundreds of billions of dollars at the problem. When does the turnaround come?