Venture capital funds aren't being terribly adventurous. In the U.S., they invested less capital in start-ups, a sign that uncertainty persists. Also, they're spreading the wealth: More companies are getting a taste, but in smaller doses. This tendency suggests that VC investors are diversifying as a way to test the waters for promising companies.

The situation is pretty straightforward: A difficult economy means that (a) start-ups will have trouble finding customers and (b) exit strategies for investors will be more difficult to attain and probably less lucrative. So, the risks of failure are higher, and the rewards are lower. As a result, VC investors need to be more cautious as they enter positions. Add to this the general financial market malaise we've experienced for the past year and a half -- longer if you trace the origins of the financial crisis to February 2007, with the agita at New Century Mortgage -- and now doesn't exactly seem like the time to place a handful of big, concentrated bets.

The clean technology sector was a lone glimmer of hope for the venture capital business through the financial crisis and ensuing recession. Quarterly updates gave positive news despite the destruction of capital elsewhere in the global financial markets. Now that the results are in for 2009, however, the outcome isn't as positive as many expected.

According to data from market research firm Cleantech Group and accounting and consulting firm Deloitte, venture capital funding fell 33% last year, but still held up better than the market as a whole.

The amount of investable assets available to venture capital funds has basically been a growth story since 2003. Dry powder slipped 7% in 2004 and 10% in 2008, but increased in every other year over this period.

Now, the dry powder number sits at $155 billion, according to alternative investment research firm Preqin, just off its December 2007 peak of $160 billion. The big number, however, masks a wide range of market situations for venture capital funds. Dry powder levels vary by strategy and region. To get a sense of what's going on behind the scenes, check out the five facts below about venture capital dry powder.

Investors have flocked to foreign exchange trading over the past 10 years, and the venture capital community is ready to grab a piece of the action.

Two companies -- Currensee Inc. and Tradonomi LLC -- are angling for central spots in this emerging trading community, and several funds are placing pretty big bets on their success. Currensee has a social network for forex traders, while Tradonomi's move was to create a game-like user interface to make it easier for would-be fortune-makers and thrill-seekers to trade foreign currencies.

We're tired of bubbles, right? Anyone 30 or older has lived through two big ones so far, with a brief period of prosperity separating the decimation of dot-com largesse and mortgage-fueled paper wealth. It could take until 2014 for the jobs lost to be replenished, and there's little reason for optimism.

So, with the economy in the tank, we can focus elsewhere -- maybe on saving the planet. If we can't put green in our wallets, maybe we can add some to our lifestyles. Or, you could do both. Green technology could be the next boom in the United States, even if we do lag some parts of the world, and investing in clean solutions is really nothing other than investing in the next big thing. Even if you don't give a damn about climate change (or don't think it exists at all), the green market could likely become your employer -- or trigger the economic growth that will create your next job.

Some signs are visible already.

Venture capital investment in clean technology grew 10% from the second quarter to the third this year. According to a report by the Cleantech Group and Deloitte, 134 companies received investments of $1.59 billion – up from $1.2 billion in the second quarter. The sector's upward trajectory continues, with last quarter marking the second in a row of double-digit growth. In the first quarter of 2009, venture capital investment in cleantech companies hit a low of $1 billion.

The strong third quarter has made the cleantech sector the largest in the venture capital business, according to the Cleantech Group, pulling ahead of biotech. Twenty-seven percent of venture capital funds invested in the second quarter of 2009 went to cleantech companies – up from 3% at the beginning of 2004.

Following his departure from Google (NASDAQ: GOOG) on Friday, Kai-fu Lee announced via Twitter that he was planning to launch a new venture fund. Today, he revealed the guts of a $115 million venture capital company that is focused on angel-round financing.

The company, Innovation Works, hopes to launch five successful start-ups a year in China. In addition to investing money in hot prospects, Innovation Works will act as an incubator for the businesses it backs. This approach doesn't exist yet in China.

Private equity returns are down 27.6% year-over-year for the 12-month period ending July 30, 2009, according to a Preqin report received by BloggingStocks. The London-based research house notes, however, that the global private equity industry's dry powder (i.e., uncommitted assets) continues to exceed $1 trillion, suggesting that there is still plenty of capital waiting for a rainy day.

Returns for the past 12 months reflect all the nastiness we've seen and lived -- bailouts, company collapses, equity and credit market mayhem and unemployment rates dangerously close to double-digits. But, the money is still coming in. Preqin puts the rate by which contributions outpaced distributions at 235% for buyout funds in 2008. This category raised $148 billion while distributing only $63 billion, making last year the most imbalanced for these two measures in history.

Venture capital funds found 612 companies in which to invest $3.67 billion in Q2. Of this, $1.5 billion (41%) was first-time financing, according to a report by PricewaterhouseCoopers and the National Venture Capital Association. This is only slightly ahead of the action in Q1, in which 141 transactions were first-time, and far behind the pace we enjoyed earlier this decade.

The biotech sector was the big winner in a shrinking market, with funding up 54% to $888 million over 85 deals. The software business was flat quarter-over-quarter at 4644 million over 135 transactions. Investments in internet companies fell 15% to $524 million via 124 deals. Clean technology showed considerable growth, up 15% to $274 million, with 42 transactions closed.

Private equity investors are using current financial market constraints on liquidity to negotiate favorable deals, as private equity general partners have watched the values of their portfolios fall profoundly. Efforts to attract additional investment haven't been easy, as potential limited partners are reluctant to make long commitments in an uncertain marketplace. This has given limited partners a stronger position from which to negotiate both fees and terms and conditions.

Limited partners are getting a leg up on the private equity funds in which they invest, signaling a change from the historical trend in which funds could push for aggressive compensation based on the returns they provide. In a poll conducted by Preqin, 43% of investors noted a power shift from fund to limited partner, with only 2% seeing a shift toward the general partner.

Wall Street's equity market offers full slate this week - with 5 IPOs and 6 Secondaries on the docket.

Those deals tentatively scheduled to price include:

IPOs:

Tuesday

Venture Financial Group (VNBK), a 1.8M-share IPO for this bank holding company. Keefe, Bruyette & Woods and D.A. Davidson are the lead managers. Filing range: $21.00-$23.00

Zars Pharma (ZARS), a 5.75M-share IPO for this pharmaceuticals company. Cowen and Co. and CIBC are the lead managers. Filing range: $14.00-$16.00.