Venture capital funds aren't being terribly adventurous. In the U.S., they invested less capital in start-ups, a sign that uncertainty persists. Also, they're spreading the wealth: More companies are getting a taste, but in smaller doses. This tendency suggests that VC investors are diversifying as a way to test the waters for promising companies.

The situation is pretty straightforward: A difficult economy means that (a) start-ups will have trouble finding customers and (b) exit strategies for investors will be more difficult to attain and probably less lucrative. So, the risks of failure are higher, and the rewards are lower. As a result, VC investors need to be more cautious as they enter positions. Add to this the general financial market malaise we've experienced for the past year and a half -- longer if you trace the origins of the financial crisis to February 2007, with the agita at New Century Mortgage -- and now doesn't exactly seem like the time to place a handful of big, concentrated bets.

The clean technology sector was a lone glimmer of hope for the venture capital business through the financial crisis and ensuing recession. Quarterly updates gave positive news despite the destruction of capital elsewhere in the global financial markets. Now that the results are in for 2009, however, the outcome isn't as positive as many expected.

According to data from market research firm Cleantech Group and accounting and consulting firm Deloitte, venture capital funding fell 33% last year, but still held up better than the market as a whole.

KaChing! KaChing!

It only makes sense to call a company a sound you like to hear. This is exactly what CEO and co-founder Andy Rachleff must have had in mind. His new company -- kaChing, of course -- is backed by Marc Andreesen (a name often associated with that sound) and Jeff Jordan, the CEO of OpenTable (NASDAQ: OPEN), two guys who usually do a solid job of backing winners. But, they've taken on a challenge by backing a company in the financial services industry.

The amount of investable assets available to venture capital funds has basically been a growth story since 2003. Dry powder slipped 7% in 2004 and 10% in 2008, but increased in every other year over this period.

Now, the dry powder number sits at $155 billion, according to alternative investment research firm Preqin, just off its December 2007 peak of $160 billion. The big number, however, masks a wide range of market situations for venture capital funds. Dry powder levels vary by strategy and region. To get a sense of what's going on behind the scenes, check out the five facts below about venture capital dry powder.

Well, what have you done for me lately, right? Investors, less than thrilled with the returns that venture capital funds have been delivering, are taking their money and going home. The number of new funds launching has thus dropped precipitously, and it looks like the industry will be smaller, with fewer players, according to the National Venture Capital Association.

Of course, the next wave will attract many to ride it, and that could be enough to turn the tide (once again).

Investors have flocked to foreign exchange trading over the past 10 years, and the venture capital community is ready to grab a piece of the action.

Two companies -- Currensee Inc. and Tradonomi LLC -- are angling for central spots in this emerging trading community, and several funds are placing pretty big bets on their success. Currensee has a social network for forex traders, while Tradonomi's move was to create a game-like user interface to make it easier for would-be fortune-makers and thrill-seekers to trade foreign currencies.

We're tired of bubbles, right? Anyone 30 or older has lived through two big ones so far, with a brief period of prosperity separating the decimation of dot-com largesse and mortgage-fueled paper wealth. It could take until 2014 for the jobs lost to be replenished, and there's little reason for optimism.

So, with the economy in the tank, we can focus elsewhere -- maybe on saving the planet. If we can't put green in our wallets, maybe we can add some to our lifestyles. Or, you could do both. Green technology could be the next boom in the United States, even if we do lag some parts of the world, and investing in clean solutions is really nothing other than investing in the next big thing. Even if you don't give a damn about climate change (or don't think it exists at all), the green market could likely become your employer -- or trigger the economic growth that will create your next job.

Some signs are visible already.

Venture capital investment in clean technology grew 10% from the second quarter to the third this year. According to a report by the Cleantech Group and Deloitte, 134 companies received investments of $1.59 billion – up from $1.2 billion in the second quarter. The sector's upward trajectory continues, with last quarter marking the second in a row of double-digit growth. In the first quarter of 2009, venture capital investment in cleantech companies hit a low of $1 billion.

The strong third quarter has made the cleantech sector the largest in the venture capital business, according to the Cleantech Group, pulling ahead of biotech. Twenty-seven percent of venture capital funds invested in the second quarter of 2009 went to cleantech companies – up from 3% at the beginning of 2004.

Following his departure from Google (NASDAQ: GOOG) on Friday, Kai-fu Lee announced via Twitter that he was planning to launch a new venture fund. Today, he revealed the guts of a $115 million venture capital company that is focused on angel-round financing.

The company, Innovation Works, hopes to launch five successful start-ups a year in China. In addition to investing money in hot prospects, Innovation Works will act as an incubator for the businesses it backs. This approach doesn't exist yet in China.

Private equity returns are down 27.6% year-over-year for the 12-month period ending July 30, 2009, according to a Preqin report received by BloggingStocks. The London-based research house notes, however, that the global private equity industry's dry powder (i.e., uncommitted assets) continues to exceed $1 trillion, suggesting that there is still plenty of capital waiting for a rainy day.

Returns for the past 12 months reflect all the nastiness we've seen and lived -- bailouts, company collapses, equity and credit market mayhem and unemployment rates dangerously close to double-digits. But, the money is still coming in. Preqin puts the rate by which contributions outpaced distributions at 235% for buyout funds in 2008. This category raised $148 billion while distributing only $63 billion, making last year the most imbalanced for these two measures in history.

Venture capital funds found 612 companies in which to invest $3.67 billion in Q2. Of this, $1.5 billion (41%) was first-time financing, according to a report by PricewaterhouseCoopers and the National Venture Capital Association. This is only slightly ahead of the action in Q1, in which 141 transactions were first-time, and far behind the pace we enjoyed earlier this decade.

The biotech sector was the big winner in a shrinking market, with funding up 54% to $888 million over 85 deals. The software business was flat quarter-over-quarter at 4644 million over 135 transactions. Investments in internet companies fell 15% to $524 million via 124 deals. Clean technology showed considerable growth, up 15% to $274 million, with 42 transactions closed.

Private equity investors are using current financial market constraints on liquidity to negotiate favorable deals, as private equity general partners have watched the values of their portfolios fall profoundly. Efforts to attract additional investment haven't been easy, as potential limited partners are reluctant to make long commitments in an uncertain marketplace. This has given limited partners a stronger position from which to negotiate both fees and terms and conditions.

Limited partners are getting a leg up on the private equity funds in which they invest, signaling a change from the historical trend in which funds could push for aggressive compensation based on the returns they provide. In a poll conducted by Preqin, 43% of investors noted a power shift from fund to limited partner, with only 2% seeing a shift toward the general partner.

I had a chance to meet with Joanna Rees, who is not only a venture capitalist with VSP Capital but also the Chief Fonera of Fon USA. Oh, and she sits on the boards of companies like Posit Science, Sabrix, AccountNow, Danger, QuinStreet, The Threshold Group and NVCA.

No doubt, we had a lot to talk about – especially Fon, which is a peer-to-peer system to share WiFi services. Investors include biggies like Google (NASDAQ: GOOG), Skype, Index Ventures, Sequoia Capital, and so on.

And, this week, Fon received an additional $9.5 million in venture capital.

Basically, Fon has a unique business model. That is, if you allow free broadband access on your computer, you can get free access when you roam. Or, if you don't want free access, you can pay for it from fellow Foneros. So far, there are about 170,000 routers on the Fon system.

A big trend over the past few years has been Web 2.0 (despite the fact that I'm still not sure how to define this malleable thing). However, there haven't been any IPOs in the sector. What's more, the M&A transactions have been muted, except for some outliers, such as Time Warner Inc.'s (NYSE: TWX) $850 million deal for Bebo.

Despite all this, venture capitalists continue to pour money into Web 2.0 deals. According to a report from Dow Jones VentureSource, there was about $1.34 billion in investments last year (across 178 transactions). In fact, this was an 88% spike over 2006.

Sounds good, huh?

Perhaps not. If anything, we may be seeing a weeding out of the weaker players and a bigger focus on the winners. After all, Facebook snagged about $300 million in funding. There was also a $44 million infusion for Ning as well as a $49.25 million deal for MyStrands.

Often, startups will issue a stuffy press release when announcing their venture rounds. But in the case of Etsy – an online platform to buy and sell handmade goods – there is actually a detailed blog post from the co-founder Robert Kalin, which even includes a video.

In all, the company raised $27 million in a venture round. The investors include Union Square Ventures, Hubert Burda Media and Accel Partners. In fact, Accel Partners' Jim Breyer is taking a board seat (keep in mind that he invested in Facebook in the early stages).

Kalin goes into lots of detail on the "use of proceeds." Etsy is going to invest about $5 million in hardware and servers, and there will be big improvements in the payment processing system, which is on par with Amazon.com's (NASDAQ: AMZN). Oh, and the company wants to provide Google-like (NASDAQ: GOOG) search functionality.

Even without such things, Etsy is getting lots of traction. The community has more than 650,000 members and there are more than 120,000 sellers.

And as seen with its funding press release – which is one of the most transparent I've ever seen -- Etsy certainly takes the concept of "community" very seriously.

Tom Taulli is the author of various books, including The Complete M&A Handbook. He also operates DealProfiles.com.