Discover Financial Services (NYSE: DFS), a credit-card company that competes with Visa (NYSE: V), MasterCard (NYSE: MA), and American Express (NYSE: AXP), reported earnings for the second quarter. According to this news summary, Discover beat expectations by posting a loss of $0.18 per share. The market thought that the loss would be as high as $0.29 per share.

If you read the actual press release, you'll see that Discover, on a reported basis, made $0.43 per share. However, we must remember that this profit included an antitrust settlement sourced to Visa and MasterCard. So, once you get rid of that money, you come up with a loss for the quarter.

Visa (NYSE: V), whose colleagues include American Express (NYSE: AXP), MasterCard (NYSE: MA), and Discover Financial Services (NYSE: DFS), reported a Q2 profit on Wednesday that was surprisingly strong. On an adjusted basis, earnings came in at 73 cents per share. Analysts were banking on only 64 cents per share, according to Reuters.

Quite frankly, I can see the disparity between Wall Street's thinking and the ultimate reality. I mean, the economy has been bad (to state the obvious), and people aren't spending as much. This means that they aren't using their credit cards like they used to. Ergo, you might expect Visa to post a lower number.

Pork producers aren't the only stocks getting hammered by swine flu fears. Brokerage JPMorgan observed today that "concerns over the swine flu outbreak could weigh on MasterCard Inc. (NYSE: MA - option chain) / Visa Inc. (NYSE: V - option chain) shares due to fears that cross-border fees may suffer from reduced cross-border travel related to the virus," sending shares of both companies lower at the sound of the opening bell.

Although JPMorgan added that it's too early to tell what impact the swine flu will have on MasterCard and Visa, the firm asserted that "the risk is worth monitoring in our view."

In his The Ticker Tape Digest, technician Leo Fasciocco looks for stocks that have broken out of basing patterns; his latest breakout stock is credit card processing firm Visa (NYSE: V).

"Visa manages a group of global payment card brands. It licenses them to financial institutions that issue cards to their customers. The company maintains the largest card service in the world with annual revenue of $6.5 billion.

"The stock soared after it came public. It peaked at 90 and then was swept lower with the bear market. The stock has put in what seems to be a good bottom. The key is for it to kick in an up trend. That is quite possible now, but not a given.

How painful is spending money? Dan Ariely, who teaches behavioral economics at Duke University, has conducted a group of experiments dealing with how painful spending money really is. He asked people if, when they were dining out, they would prefer to pay with cash or by credit card. The overwhelming response was that they preferred to use the credit card.

He concluded that people feel that it's less painful to pay by credit card. He also suggests that people will spend more money with credit cards than with cash because credit card buying is less painful.

Here are some highlights from this past week's earnings coverage from BloggingStocks:

• Anadarko Petroleum Corp. (NYSE: APC) reported that its Q4 profit tripled but it fell short of estimates.
• Biogen Idec Inc. (NASDAQ: BIIB) met earnings estimates but it is getting more pressure from Carl Icahn.
• BP (NYSE: BP) surprised Wall Street with a multibillion dollar Q4 loss due to lower oil prices.
• Cisco Systems Inc. (NASDAQ: CSCO) beat Q2 estimates but warned that incoming orders have declined.
• Dick's Sporting Goods Inc. (NYSE: DKS) reaffirmed its previous Q4 guidance, which pleased investors.
• Estee Lauder Companies Inc. (NYSE: EL) topped Q2 earings estimates and it announced job cuts.
• Humana Inc. (NYSE: HUM) Q4 earnings fell on higher claim expenses and lower investment income.
• JDS Uniphase Corp. (NASDAQ: JDSU) adjusted earnings were in line with estimates but revenue fell.

Visa (NYSE: V), the credit/debit-card arch rival of MasterCard (NYSE: MA), Discover (NYSE: DFS), and American Express (NYSE: AXP), reported earnings for the fiscal first quarter on Wednesday after the market closed. As of this writing, the stock was up well over 9% on very heavy volume. Visa beat expectations quite easily. According to the earnings preview, Visa was supposed to earn maybe $0.66 per share. On an adjusted basis, the card company took in $0.78 per diluted share. Awesome. Revenue was essentially in-line.

Visa Inc. (NYSE: V) is scheduled to report fiscal first quarter results today after the market close. Visa's executive management team will host a live audio webcast beginning at 5:00 PM ET.

For Visa's third full quarter as a public company, a quarter that saw a weak holiday sales season as consumers pulled back on spending, as well as a proposal to amend Visa's certificate of incorporation, analysts polled by Thomson Reuters expect Visa to report earnings of $0.66 per share on revenue of $1.7 billion, compared to $0.58 per share on of $1.7 billion in the previous quarter. Visa's earnings have topped estimates in recent quarters, by as much as 21.9%. But will that continue?

Maybe you have heard, maybe you haven't. Olympic hero and NBC posterboy Michael Phelps got caught in flagrante delicto with a marijuana pipe at a party after the Olympic Games had completed. So, of course his sponsors are jumping ship left and right to distance themselves from this scofflaw, right? Wrong ... and somewhere, Cheech and Chong are smiling.

It appears that the sponsors are going to stand by their man, from Speedo to Parenting magazine. In fact, Visa (NYSE: V) came out Tuesday and stated that it supports Phelps despite his little misstep. According to Visa, the company has "spoken with Michael and he has expressed regret for the situation, has committed to being accountable and improving his judgment in the future ... We intend to support him as he looks to move forward."

If you've been watching earnings this past week, or if you read last week's Week in Preview, then this coming week may leave you feeling a bit like Bill Murray in Groundhog's Day. That is, again analysts surveyed by Thomson Reuters expect earnings declines to be more frequent and deeper than earnings gains.

Motorola Inc. (NYSE: MOT), Dow Chemical Co. (NYSE: DOW), Anadarko Petroleum Corp. (NYSE: APC), IAC Interactivecorp (NASDAQ: IACI), Moody's Corp. (NYSE: MCO), Elizabeth Arden Inc. (NASDAQ: RDEN), Devon Energy Corp. (NYSE: DVN), Diebold Inc. (NYSE: DBD), Tyco International Ltd. (NYSE: TYC), United Parcel Service (NYSE: UPS), Cisco Systems Inc. (NASDAQ: CSCO), Polo Ralph Lauren Corp. (NYSE: RL), ITT Corp. (NYSE: ITT), and Walt Disney Co. (NYSE: DIS) are scheduled to report quarterly results this week, and they're all expected to report double-digit declines in earnings.

But again this week, let's take a look who Wall Street feels may have done well in the past quarter.

I'm not the biggest fan of Discover Financial Services (NYSE: DFS), the credit-card company that competes with MasterCard (NYSE: MA), Visa, Inc. (NYSE: V), and American Express (NYSE: AXP). I currently like Visa the best. Why? I like the brand, I like the fact that it doesn't have direct exposure to loans, and I think there's a lot of upside left to its stock price on a long-term basis (granted, the stock hasn't been strong lately). Nevertheless, I have to wonder if there might be trade potential with Discover's stock.

It's not so much the Q4 earnings. Net income from continuing operations more than doubled to $0.92 per share, something that looks great on the surface. It was helped along, however, by settlement proceeds relating to antitrust complaints against Visa and MasterCard. Not only that, but when you take a look at the consumer-confidence landscape, you'll see that it's pretty dreadful. It doesn't take too much thinking to realize that spending will be down and bad loans most likely will be up going forward. This doesn't benefit Discover. But, according to this article, government help does. Management wants access to some of the monies available in the now-famous federal rescue package. Bank-holding status, if Discover gets it, will do the trick.

This is why I see some trade potential with the stock. It rose the other day on the news, and as I am writing this now, the stock is up another 3%. If one was to play around with Discover, one should only do so temporarily, in my opinion. I think, on a longer-term basis, that either Visa or MasterCard are much better options for investing in the eventual consumer rebound (whenever that decides to happen, of course). Again, all you have to do is remember that Discover has more on the line in terms of charge-offs and loan provisions. Yes, the government can help out Discover's situation, and that will be valuable, but I still wouldn't want the company as a core member of my portfolio.

Disclosure: I don't own any company mentioned; positions can change at any time.

With the increasingly regular announcements of layoffs and plant closings, it's clear that the recession is deepening. One clue to the economy's future direction that investors may be watching for is the upcoming earnings release of FedEx Corp. (NYSE: FDX). The world's largest delivery service has been considered an economic bellwether, and it just may have benefited recently from lower fuel prices and the announced departure of rival DHL from the U.S. package market.

For the company's fiscal second-quarter 2009 report, analysts surveyed by Thomson Reuters on average expect to see earnings of $1.57 per share, about 2% higher than in the year-ago period, and 21.7% higher than in the previous quarter. That's about the same as the $1.58 per share FedEx forecast in preliminary results last week. Analysts expect revenues for the quarter ended November 30 to total $9.8 billion, 3.9% more than a year ago. The Memphis-based company has only fallen short of earnings expectations in one of the past five quarters, and exactly matched estimates back in the first quarter.

As part of its expansion plans, FedEx broke ground on a new Portland hub in October, and said that a new facility in China will be fully operational in the first half of 2009. The company continues to make service improvements, and declared a quarterly dividend in November. But in its preliminary results, FedEx lowered its full-year forecast, citing continued weakness in the economy.

As a general rule, the IPO market is highly sensitive to market volatility. And, the latest bout of financial turmoil has been brutal.

According to a recent report from PricewaterhouseCoopers' Transaction Services Group, the number of IPOs in the U.S. has declined for three straight quarters. So far this year, there have been only 54 public offerings, raising a mere $31.2 billion. This compares to 195 offerings in the same period last year (with $44.7 billion raised). Keep in mind that this year's numbers were heavily impacted by the Visa Inc. (NYSE: V) offering, which raised $17.8 billion.

As for Q3, there were 12 IPOs (for a total of $1.9 billion). This was the slowest since 2003.

Of course, the credit crunch has been a big culprit. But there are other reasons. For example, the various hedge fund failures have been a big problem. Plus, as the U.S. economy slips into recession, there's little appetite for risky growth stocks.

However, when the IPO market comes back -- and it certainly will -- it's likely that we'll see high-quality companies go first. After all, investors will want top quality. What's more, the valuations are likely to be attractive. But, it could easily be another year until this happens -- as the banking system stabilizes and growth perks up in the U.S. economy.

Tom Taulli is the author of various books, including The Complete M&A Handbook and The Streetsmart Guide to Short Selling: Techniques the Pros Use to Profit in Any Market. He is also the founder of BizEquity, a valuation website.

Here are some highlights from this past week's earnings coverage from BloggingStocks:

• Alcatel-Lucent (NYSE: ALU) reported a narrower Q3 net loss and reaffirmed its outlook.
• Barclays (NYSE: BCS) earnings and dividend prospects resulted in an analyst's downgrade.
• Burger King Holdings Inc. (NYSE: BKC) posted its 19th straight quarter of positive growth.
• Choice Hotels International Inc. (NYSE: CHH) better-than-expected Q3 report led to an upgrade.
• Comcast Corp. (NASDAQ: CMCSA) reported strong Q3 numbers and maintained its revenue outlook.
• DreamWorks Animation SKG Inc. (NYSE: DWA) better-than-expected Q3 results driven by Kung Fu Panda.
• Exxon Mobil Corp. (NYSE: XOM) reported another record profit in Q3 driven by record high fuel prices.
• Garmin Ltd. (NASDAQ: GRMN) reported a better-than-expected Q3 profit and offered guidance.
• Hercules Inc. (NYSE: HPC) posted lower Q3 earnings and anounced [regulatory] approval of its buyout.
• Janus Capital Group Inc. (NYSE: JNS) weaker-than-expected results led to an analyst's downgrade.
• Legg Mason Inc. (NYSE: LM) swung to a smaller-than-expected Q2 net loss and shares soared.
• Motorola Inc. (NYSE: MOT) dismal Q3 results managed to beat low earnings expectations.
• Office Depot (NYSE: ODP) Q3 results included lower revenue and a net loss due to economic conditions.
• Qwest Communications International Inc. (NYSE: Q) unimpressive Q3 numbers fell short of estimates.
• Sun Microsystems (NASDAQ: JAVA) swung to a greater-than-expected net loss due in part to competition.
• Texas Roadhouse Inc. (NASDAQ: TXRH) missed Q3 estimates and warned of flat full-year earnings.
• Valero Energy Corp. (NYSE: VLO) strong Q3 results included a gain from a sale of a refinery.
• Visa Inc. (NYSE: V) beat Q4 earnings expectations after adjustment for litigation-related charges.
• Whirlpool Corp. (NYSE: WHR) fell short of revenue estimates and announced job cuts.

Visa (NYSE: V), the famous credit and debit card business, which competes with MasterCard (NYSE: MA) and American Express (NYSE: AXP), reported results for the fourth quarter on Thursday. I came away from them feeling pretty bullish.

No, it wasn't so much the numbers as it was the fact that the credit-card concern constructed a litigation settlement with Discover (NYSE: DFS). The latter had antitrust issues with Visa, and it was a part of the company's story that bothered me. Visa will pony up almost $1.9 billion to Discover to make everything hopefully okay between the two (for more about the settlement, check out Elizabeth Harrow's post). Most of the money was already set aside in a fund in anticipation of the settlement. That's awesome.

And as for earnings, well, Visa lost money on a GAAP basis during Q4 driven by the litigation provision. But on an adjusted basis, excluding that provision and other charges, Visa earned $0.58 per diluted share. That was a penny better than Wall Street expectations.

This makes the Visa story even more attractive than it already was. Honestly, as a long-term investment, Visa should be a winner. I know the economy doesn't rule right now, but I don't think there's anyone out there who believes that credit cards are going away.